Collaborative Research: Impact of Solar Radiation and Nutrients on Biogeochemical Cycling of DMSP and DMS in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

合作研究：太阳辐射和营养物对南极洲罗斯海 DMSP 和 DMS 生物地球化学循环的影响

• 批准号: 0230499
• 负责人: David Kieber
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-04-01 至 2008-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0230499&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Impact; Solar; Radiation

Areas of the Southern Ocean have spectacular blooms of phytoplankton during the austral spring and early summer. One of the dominant phytoplankton species, the haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica, is a prolific producer of the organic sulfur compound dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and Phaeocystis blooms are associated with some of the world's highest concentrations of DMSP and its volatile degradation product, dimethylsulfide (DMS). Sulfur, in the form of DMS, is transferred from the oceans to the atmosphere and can affect the chemistry of precipitation and influence cloud properties and possibly climate. DMSP and DMS are also quantitatively significant components of the carbon, sulfur and energy flows in many marine food webs, although very little information is available on these processes in high latitude systems. This project will study how solar radiation and iron cycling affect DMSP and DMS production by phytoplankton, and the subsequent utilization of these labile forms of organic matter by the microbial food web. Four interrelated hypotheses will be tested in field-based experiments and in situ observations: 1) solar radiation, including enhanced UV-B due to seasonal ozone depletion, plays an important role in determining the net ecosystem production of DMS in the Ross Sea; 2) development of shallow mixed layers promotes the accumulation of DMS in surface waters, because of enhanced exposure of plankton communities to high doses of solar radiation; 3) DMSP production and turnover represent a significant part of the carbon and sulfur flux through polar food webs; 4) bloom development and resulting nutrient depletion (e.g., iron) will result in high production rates of DMSP and high DMS concentrations and atmospheric fluxes. Results from this study will greatly improve understanding of the underlying mechanisms controlling DMSP and DMS concentrations in polar waters, thereby improving our ability to predict DMS fluxes to the atmosphere from this important climatic region. Both Drs. Kieber and Kiene actively engage high school, undergraduate and graduate students in their research and are involved in formal programs that target underrepresented groups (NSF-REU and the American Chemical Society-SEED). This project will continue this type of educational outreach. The PIs also teach undergraduate and graduate courses and incorporation of research experiences into their classes will enrich student learning experiences.

在澳大利亚春季和初夏期间，南大洋地区的浮游植物盛开。 One of the dominant phytoplankton species, the haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica, is a prolific producer of the organic sulfur compound dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and Phaeocystis blooms are associated with some of the world's highest concentrations of DMSP and its volatile degradation product, dimethylsulfide (DMS).以DMS的形式，硫从海洋转移到大气中，可能会影响降水的化学和影响云特性和可能的​​气候。 DMSP和DMS也是许多海洋食品网中碳，硫和能量流的定量显着组成部分，尽管在高纬度系统中几乎没有有关这些过程的信息。该项目将研究太阳辐射和铁循环如何影响浮游植物的DMSP和DMS生产，以及随后通过微生物食品网对这些不稳定的有机物形式的利用。四个相互关联的假设将在基于现场的实验和原位观察结果中进行测试：1）太阳辐射，包括由于季节性臭氧耗竭引起的增强的UV-B，在确定Ross Sea DM的净生态系统的净生态系统中起着重要作用； 2）浅层混合层的发展促进了DMS在地表水中的积累，因为浮游生物群落暴露于高剂量的太阳辐射中； 3）DMSP的生产和营业额代表了通过极地食品网的重要组成部分； 4）开花和产生的营养耗竭（例如铁）将导致DMSP和高DMS浓度和大气通量的高产量。这项研究的结果将大大提高对控制DMSP和DMS浓度的潜在机制的理解，从而提高了我们从这个重要气候区域预测DMS通量到大气的能力。两个博士。基伯和基恩（Kieber）和基恩（Kiene）积极与高中，本科生和研究生一起研究，并参与了针对代表性不足群体的正式计划（NSF-REU和美国化学学会的种子）。该项目将继续这种类型的教育外展。 PI还教授本科和研究生课程，并将研究经验纳入他们的课程将丰富学生的学习经验。