Collaborative Research: EAGER: Design, Fabrication, and Performance Evaluation of a Marine Aerosol Generator for Shipboard Deployment

合作研究：EAGER：用于舰载部署的海洋气溶胶发生器的设计、制造和性能评估

• 批准号: 0948216
• 负责人: David Kieber
• 金额: $ 0.71万
• 依托单位: SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0948216&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; EAGER; Design; Fabrication

Production of marine aerosols by bursting bubbles at the ocean surface is a major process in the Earth's climate system, with important implications for the physiochemical evolution of the troposphere and feedbacks on upper ocean biogeochemistry. Reliable characterization of marine aerosols is a critical prerequisite for evaluating the nature and magnitude of subsequent physiochemical evolution and feedbacks. However, fresh marine aerosols are rapidly modified via interaction with light and reactive gases and are injected into an atmosphere containing mechanically produced aerosols and associated reaction products from multiple sources and secondary aerosols from nucleation and growth pathways. Consequently, it is extremely difficult to unequivocally deconvolute the physiochemical properties and global significance of nascent marine aerosols based on measurements of ambient aerosols.Several years ago with NSF support, researchers at the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry and the University of Virginia fabricated, tested, and successfully deployed a novel high-capacity aerosol generator at Bermuda to determine the production, characteristics, and photochemical evolution of nascent marine aerosols over the full relevant size distribution (0.013 to 15 ìm diameter at 80% RH). The logical next step is to deploy a hardened version of the generator on a ship at sea to evaluate the influence of marine organic matter composition and concentration on corresponding physiochemical characteristics and evolution of marine aerosol and the resulting feedbacks on the surface ocean. In this project, the same research team will be joined by colleagues at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography to deploy the generator on a ship. The research objectives are: (1) To construct and lab-test a hardened version of the marine aerosol generator, (2) to deploy and operate the generator on a ship at sea, and (3) To evaluate the representativeness of resulting number size distributions. The original generator will be modified to make it suitable for deployment at sea. It will be deployed in a shelter on the fantail of a medium- to large-size ship of opportunity in the North Atlantic during late spring or early summer 2010. Aerosols will be generated over a range of bubble rates and falling water flow rates from the nozzle. Size-resolved number production fluxes will be quantified over the full size distribution (0.13 to 15 ìm diameter at 80% RH).Broader Impacts: Results will provide a well-characterized capability for evaluating the influences of the surface ocean on the size-resolved composition and flux of primary marine aerosols, the speciation and magnitude of reactive trace gas production via photochemical transformation of marine-derived particulate organic matter, and the related influences of these pathways in the multiphase chemical and physical evolution of the marine air, surface ocean biogeochemistry, and Earth's climate. Consequently, the project will contribute directly to national and international programs investigating the chemical and physical evolution of marine aerosols and their related climatic implications as well as studies on understanding the role of the atmosphere on the upper ocean's biogeochemical dynamics. In particular this technology promises to be relevant to the international and national Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS). The project will also contribute to the education of a student and post doctoral fellow.

通过海洋表面气泡破裂产生海洋气溶胶是地球气候系统的一个主要过程，对对流层的物理化学演化和上层海洋生物地球化学的反馈具有重要影响。海洋气溶胶的可靠表征是评估随后的物理化学演化和反馈的性质和程度的关键先决条件。然而，新鲜的海洋气溶胶通过与光和活性气体的相互作用而迅速改变，并被注入含有机械产生的气溶胶和来自多个来源的相关反应产物以及来自成核和生长途径的二次气溶胶的大气中。因此，根据环境气溶胶的测量来明确解析新生海洋气溶胶的物理化学特性和全球意义是极其困难的。几年前，在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，纽约州立大学环境科学与林业学院和弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员在百慕大制造、测试并成功部署了一种新型大容量气溶胶发生器，以确定其产生、 新生海洋气溶胶在整个相关尺寸分布（80% RH 下直径为 0.013 至 15 µm）的特征和光化学演化。合乎逻辑的下一步是在海上船舶上部署该发生器的强化版本，以评估海洋有机物成分和浓度对海洋气溶胶相应物理化学特征和演化的影响，以及由此产生的对海洋表面的反馈。在这个项目中，斯克里普斯海洋学研究所的同事将加入同一研究团队，将发电机部署在船上。研究目标是：（1）构建并在实验室测试海洋气溶胶发生器的强化版本，（2）在海上船舶上部署和操作发生器，以及（3）评估所得数量大小分布的代表性。 原有的发电机将进行改造，使其适合海上部署。 2010 年春末或夏初，它将被部署在北大西洋一艘中型到大型机遇号船扇尾的避难所中。气溶胶将在一定范围的气泡速率和喷嘴的水流速率下降的情况下产生。尺寸分辨数量生产通量将在整个尺寸分布（80% 相对湿度下直径为 0.13 至 15 µm）内进行量化。更广泛的影响：结果将提供良好表征的能力，用于评估表面海洋对初级海洋气溶胶的尺寸分辨成分和通量的影响，通过海洋衍生颗粒有机物的光化学转化产生反应性痕量气体的形态和量级，以及 这些途径对海洋空气、表层海洋生物地球化学和地球气候的多相化学和物理演化的相关影响。因此，该项目将直接促进国家和国际项目，调查海洋气溶胶的化学和物理演化及其相关的气候影响，以及了解大气对上层海洋生物地球化学动力学的作用的研究。 特别是，这项技术有望与国际和国家表面海洋低层大气研究（SOLAS）相关。该项目还将有助于学生和博士后研究员的教育。