Production and Fate of Acrylate in Seawater

海水中丙烯酸酯的产生和归宿

• 批准号: 0961831
• 负责人: David Kieber
• 金额: $ 44.8万
• 依托单位: SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-01 至 2014-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0961831&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Production; Fate; Acrylate; Seawater

For more than thirty years, oceanographers and atmospheric scientists have studied dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) because they form the basis of a biogeochemical system that transfers sulfur from the oceans to the atmosphere, affecting the Earth?s radiation balance and climate. Through these studies, we have learned that DMS and DMSP also significantly impact the ecology and chemistry of the oceans. The intensive effort to understand the marine biogeochemistry of DMS(P) has revealed that their cycling is much more complex than first imagined, but it has also caused us to largely overlook a highly interesting and important component of the DMS(P) cycle, namely acrylate, a product formed from the degradation of DMSP via DMSP lyase. Surprisingly little is known about acrylate concentrations, fluxes, or impacts in the oceans, even though concentrations and fluxes should at times be substantial, especially during blooms of DMSP-rich algae that are common throughout the world?s oceans and often harmful or toxic. In this study, researchers at the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry will conduct a three-year laboratory and field study to examine several fundamental aspects of the marine acrylate cycle. The main objectives of the proposed research are: (1) to determine the kinetics and wavelength dependence for the photolysis of acrylate in contrasting oceanic waters; (2) to determine cellular and dissolved acrylate concentrations in axenic algal cultures and evaluate how these concentrations change in response to nutrient or light stress and growth stage; and (3) to determine dissolved and particulate acrylate concentrations, photolysis rates, and biological loss rates in contrasting oceanic water through participation in two Gulf of Mexico research cruises. Broader Impacts: Results from this study are expected to significantly improve our fundamental understanding of the marine acrylate cycle and its impact on the biogeochemistry of the upper oceans. The project will establish and foster research and educational collaborations for these students, especially the graduate students, through several avenues including participation at national and local meetings, mentoring, preparing for and delivering college-level lectures, and presentations made to the general public at forums such as Syracuse?s Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science. Two graduate students and a visiting Chinese scholar will be trained as part of this project, along with several undergraduates. Finally, the PI will participate in several activities to promote and foster education including serving as an NSF STEM mentor, co-coordinating Chemistry Day at the NY State Fair, giving oral presentations at local K-12 schools, and mentoring SUNY ESF Environmental Science and Chemistry students.

三十多年来，海洋学家和大气科学家一直研究二甲基硫化物（DMS）和二甲基磺基二丙酸酯（DMSP），因为它们构成了将硫从海洋传递到大气层的生物地球化学系统的基础，从而影响了地球的辐射和气候。通过这些研究，我们了解到DMS和DMSP也会显着影响海洋的生态和化学。理解DMS海洋生物地球化学（P）的强烈努力表明，它们的循环比最初想象的要复杂得多，但它也使我们在很大程度上忽略了DMS（P）周期的非常有趣且重要的组成部分，即丙烯酸酯，即通过DMSP通过DMSPSSP Lyase降级而形成的丙烯酸酯。令人惊讶的是，即使浓度和通量有时应该很大，尤其是在世界上常见的DMSP富含藻类的花朵中，尤其是在全世界的海洋中很常见的，而且经常有害或有毒，尤其是在海洋中，丙烯酸酯的浓度，通量或影响鲜为人知。在这项研究中，纽约州立大学环境科学与林业学院的研究人员将进行为期三年的实验室和现场研究，以研究海洋丙烯酸酯周期的几个基本方面。拟议研究的主要目标是：（1）确定在对比海洋水中丙烯酸酯光解的动力学和波长依赖性； （2）确定轴突藻类培养物中的细胞和溶解丙烯酸酯浓度，并评估这些浓度如何响应营养或轻应激和生长阶段； （3）通过参与墨西哥研究的两次研究巡航，确定溶解和颗粒丙烯酸酯浓度，光解率和生物损失率与海洋水的生物损失率。 更广泛的影响：这项研究的结果有望显着改善我们对海洋丙烯酸酯周期及其对上海生物地球化学的影响的基本理解。该项目将通过几种途径，包括参加国家和地方会议，指导，为大学级的讲座做准备，为锡拉丘兹（Syracuse）诸如Syracuse？ 两名研究生和一名来访的中国学者将作为该项目的一部分进行培训，以及几名本科生。 最后，PI将参加几项促进和促进教育的活动，包括担任NSF STEM导师，在纽约州立博览会上与化学日期共同协调，并在当地的K-12学校进行口头介绍，并指导SUNY ESF ESF环境科学和化学学生。