Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: Nucleotide Substitution Rate Variation in the Catarrhini (Order Primates)

博士论文改进：卡他尼（灵长目）的核苷酸替代率变化

• 批准号: 0234647
• 负责人: Todd Disotell
• 金额: $ 1万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-06-15 至 2004-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0234647&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Nucleotide; Substitution

This research addresses an open issue in the study of molecular evolution: The connection between organismal level features (e.g. weight, diet, behavior) and molecular traits (e.g. rate of DNA evolution, genome size, DNA variation within and between species). Specifically, how do differences in generation time, population size, metabolic rate, body size, the activity of natural selection, and species-specific differences in DNA replication accuracy affect the rate of DNA evolution? This project will add to scientific understanding by examining DNA evolutionary rate differences within a well-studied group of species.The research will focus on the catarrhine primates, the mammalian group which includes humans, apes, and Old World monkeys, as they have significant and well-measured differences in life history variables, biology, and ecology. Furthermore, there is strong evidence for variation in the rate of DNA evolution within this group as there is evidence suggesting that humans and apes exhibit a slower rate of DNA evolution than the Old World monkeys. Previous studies investigating variation in the rate of DNA evolution have examined a broad sample of DNA sequences, but in a limited set of distantly related species - for example, human, mouse, and cow. This research differs by sampling a set of 10 independent loci in an extensive sample of relatively closely related catarrhine primates. The loci were chosen to represent protein coding and non-coding (introns, pseudogenes and intergenic) sequences. Ultimately, this project will contribute to the study of the how, when, and why of evolution, particularly as it pertains to primate and human evolution. The results may inform us as to: -How are the modern day Old World monkey species related? -When did the modern lineages of apes diverge? -How and when did the colobine monkeys become anatomically specialized for leaf eating? -When did the ancestors of humans become differentiated from the lineage ultimately leading to the chimpanzee?This is a doctoral dissertation improvement project integral to the co-investigator's graduate training. The research results will be published in a dissertation and scholarly papers, as well as presented at academic conferences. The DNA sequences obtained in the course of the study will be deposited in the publicly accessible GenBank database hosted by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

这项研究解决了分子进化研究中的一个空旷问题：生物水平特征（例如体重，饮食，行为）和分子性状之间的联系（例如，DNA进化速率，基因组大小，物种之间和物种之间的DNA变异）。 具体而言，生成时间，人群大小，代谢率，体型，自然选择的活性以及DNA复制精度的物种特异性差异会影响DNA演化速率的差异？该项目将通过检查一组良好的物种中的DNA进化速率差异来增加科学理解。该研究将重点放在卡他郡灵长类动物，包括人类，猿类和旧世界猴子在内的哺乳动物群体，因为它们在生活历史变量，生物学，生物学和生态学方面具有重大且良好的差异。此外，有充分的证据表明该组内DNA进化速率的变化，因为有证据表明人类和猿类表现出比旧世界猴子的DNA进化速率较慢。先前研究DNA进化速率变化的研究已经检查了广泛的DNA序列样本，但在有限的远距离相关物种中，例如人，小鼠和牛。这项研究通过在相对密切相关的卡他郡灵长类动物的广泛样本中抽样一组10个独立的基因座来不同。选择基因座代表蛋白质编码和非编码（内含子，假基因和基因间）序列。最终，该项目将有助于研究如何，何时和为什么进化，尤其是与灵长类动物和人类进化有关的方式。结果可能会告诉我们： - 现代旧世界猴子物种如何与？ - 猿的现代谱系差异是什么？ - 何时何时出现果脂猴在解剖学上专门用于叶饮食？ - 当时人类的祖先与血统有区别的原因最终导致黑猩猩？这是博士论文改进项目的一部分，这是共同投资者的毕业生培训不可或缺的一部分。研究结果将在论文和学术论文中发表，并在学术会议上发表。在研究过程中获得的DNA序列将存放在国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）托管的公共访问的GenBank数据库中。