Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: Nucleotide Substitution Rate Variation in the Catarrhini (Order Primates)

博士论文改进：卡他尼（灵长目）的核苷酸替代率变化

• 批准号: 0234647
• 负责人: Todd Disotell
• 金额: $ 1万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-06-15 至 2004-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0234647&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Nucleotide; Substitution

This research addresses an open issue in the study of molecular evolution: The connection between organismal level features (e.g. weight, diet, behavior) and molecular traits (e.g. rate of DNA evolution, genome size, DNA variation within and between species). Specifically, how do differences in generation time, population size, metabolic rate, body size, the activity of natural selection, and species-specific differences in DNA replication accuracy affect the rate of DNA evolution? This project will add to scientific understanding by examining DNA evolutionary rate differences within a well-studied group of species.The research will focus on the catarrhine primates, the mammalian group which includes humans, apes, and Old World monkeys, as they have significant and well-measured differences in life history variables, biology, and ecology. Furthermore, there is strong evidence for variation in the rate of DNA evolution within this group as there is evidence suggesting that humans and apes exhibit a slower rate of DNA evolution than the Old World monkeys. Previous studies investigating variation in the rate of DNA evolution have examined a broad sample of DNA sequences, but in a limited set of distantly related species - for example, human, mouse, and cow. This research differs by sampling a set of 10 independent loci in an extensive sample of relatively closely related catarrhine primates. The loci were chosen to represent protein coding and non-coding (introns, pseudogenes and intergenic) sequences. Ultimately, this project will contribute to the study of the how, when, and why of evolution, particularly as it pertains to primate and human evolution. The results may inform us as to: -How are the modern day Old World monkey species related? -When did the modern lineages of apes diverge? -How and when did the colobine monkeys become anatomically specialized for leaf eating? -When did the ancestors of humans become differentiated from the lineage ultimately leading to the chimpanzee?This is a doctoral dissertation improvement project integral to the co-investigator's graduate training. The research results will be published in a dissertation and scholarly papers, as well as presented at academic conferences. The DNA sequences obtained in the course of the study will be deposited in the publicly accessible GenBank database hosted by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

这项研究解决了分子进化研究中的一个悬而未决的问题：生物体水平特征（例如体重，饮食，行为）和分子性状（例如DNA进化速率，基因组大小，物种内和物种间的DNA变异）之间的联系。 具体来说，世代时间、种群规模、代谢率、体型、自然选择的活动以及DNA复制准确性的物种特异性差异如何影响DNA进化的速度？该项目将通过研究一组经过充分研究的物种的DNA进化速率差异来增加科学认识。该研究将集中在卡他鼻灵长类动物，包括人类，猿和旧世界猴的哺乳动物群体，因为它们在生活史变量，生物学和生态学方面具有显着和良好的测量差异。此外，有强有力的证据表明，在这个群体内的DNA进化速度的变化，因为有证据表明，人类和猿表现出比旧世界的猴子更慢的DNA进化速度。以前研究DNA进化速率变化的研究已经检查了广泛的DNA序列样本，但在一组有限的远亲物种中-例如，人类，小鼠和牛。这项研究的不同之处在于，在一个相对密切相关的卡他鼻灵长类动物的广泛样本中取样了一组10个独立的基因座。选择的基因座代表蛋白质编码和非编码（内含子，假基因和基因间）序列。最终，这个项目将有助于研究进化的方式、时间和原因，特别是与灵长类动物和人类进化有关的问题。这些结果可能会告诉我们：-现代旧世界的猴子物种是如何联系在一起的？ - 现代猿类的谱系是什么时候分化的？ - 哥伦比亚猴是如何以及何时在解剖学上变得专门吃树叶的？ - 人类的祖先是什么时候从血统中分化出来的，最终导致了 黑猩猩？这是一个博士论文改进项目，是共同研究者研究生培训的组成部分。研究成果将发表在论文和学术论文中，并在学术会议上发表。研究过程中获得的DNA序列将保存在国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）托管的可公开访问的GenBank数据库中。