Migration and Ethnic Identity: The Archaeology of the Nahua/Pipil of Postclassic Pacific Guatemala

移民与民族认同：后古典太平洋危地马拉纳瓦/皮皮尔的考古学

• 批准号: 0318821
• 负责人: Frederick Bove
• 金额: $ 10.56万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-01 至 2004-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0318821&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Migration; Ethnic; Identity; Archaeology; Nahua

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Frederick Bove and an international team of colleagues will conduct one field season of archaeological and ethnohistoric research on the Guatemala central Pacific Coast. The team brings together U.S., Dutch, and Guatemala specialists in archaeology, ethnohistory, and linguistics to examine the interface between migration theory and the archaeological identification of Nahua/Pipil ethnicity at the major site complex of Carolina-Gomera believed to be a major Pipil regional center. The Postclassic period in Mesoamerica was marked by massive social, political, economic, and demographic upheaval following the collapse of Classic period polities in Mexico and Guatemala. While the causes of these cataclysmic events are obscure one salient fact is the Nahua migrations from central Mexico and the Gulf Coast to Pacific Guatemala and lower Central America that are believed to have occurred in a series of movements from about A.D. 800 to A.D. 1350. The migrations of Nahua-speaking groups from Mexico to Central America constitute one of the most important examples of large-scale population movements in New World culture history. The recent discovery of large Late Postclassic regional centers that are most likely Pipil on the central Guatemala Pacific Coast are the basis for the project and present a rare opportunity to combine both documentary and archaeological research in a conjunctive approach. The goal is to develop a general understanding of the Pipil migratory process that is closely interrelated with the archaeological identification of Pipil ethnicity. The nature of the research questions require basic data principally in residential areas that allow the identification of Pipil ethnic groups. Once this accomplished the chronological problems associated with the Pipil migrational process itself can be approached together with the reconstruction of their settlement system, social differentiation, and household economy. Specific tasks are 1) completely map Carolina, Gomera, and all surrounding rural centers, 2) complete the extensive survey and collection of surface materials in and around the same centers, 3) conduct test excavations of a stratified sample of patio groups at all sites and the lateral exposure of a sample of these, 4) complete the analysis of all collected artifacts, 5) to integrate the documentary data with the survey and excavation data. The Late Postclassic project will provide much needed information at both theoretical and substantive levels. The intellectual merit of the research will be to test models of migration and methods of identifying ethnicity, two of the most contentious issues confronting contemporary archaeology. The broader impacts of the study are that it will contribute significant information during an obscure period and since no project has ever focused on the Late Postclassic period in the region, the substantial increase in knowledge will provide the basis for major revisions in the scientific understanding of the prehistory of this dynamic region. Guatemala and U.S. students will participate in the project to enhance their training and increase their knowledge of the importance of Pacific Guatemala's prehistory.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，弗雷德里克·博夫博士和一个国际同事团队将在危地马拉中部太平洋海岸进行一个考古和民族历史研究的实地调查。该团队汇集了美国，荷兰和危地马拉的考古学、民族史和语言学专家，在被认为是皮亚琴察地区主要中心的戈梅拉主要遗址综合体，研究移民理论与纳瓦/皮亚琴察民族考古学鉴定之间的界面。中美洲的后古典时期以墨西哥和危地马拉古典时期政权崩溃后的大规模社会、政治、经济和人口动荡为标志。虽然这些灾难性事件的原因尚不清楚，但一个突出的事实是纳瓦人从墨西哥中部和墨西哥湾沿岸迁移到太平洋危地马拉和中美洲南部，据信这是在公元800年至公元1350年的一系列运动中发生的。从墨西哥到中美洲的纳瓦语族群的迁移是新世界文化史上大规模人口迁移的最重要例子之一。最近发现的大型后期后古典区域中心，最有可能是危地马拉太平洋海岸中部的皮埃蒙特，是该项目的基础，并提出了一个难得的机会，联合收割机结合文献和考古研究的结合方法。其目标是对皮耶人的迁徙过程有一个总体了解，这一过程与皮耶人族裔的考古鉴定密切相关。研究问题的性质要求主要是在居民区的基本数据，以便能够确定皮埃蒙特族群体。一旦完成了这一点，与皮亚杰移民过程本身相关的时间问题就可以与他们的定居制度、社会分化和家庭经济的重建一起加以探讨。具体任务是：1）完整绘制卡罗莱纳、戈梅拉和所有周边农村中心的地图，2）完成对同一中心及其周围表面材料的广泛调查和收集，3）对所有地点的天井组分层样本进行测试挖掘，并对其中一个样本进行横向暴露，4）完成对所有收集到的文物的分析，（5）将文献资料与勘察、发掘资料相结合。后期后经典项目将在理论和实质层面提供急需的信息。这项研究的学术价值将是测试移民模型和识别种族的方法，这是当代考古学面临的两个最有争议的问题。这项研究的更广泛的影响是，它将在一个模糊的时期提供重要的信息，因为没有项目曾经集中在该地区的后古典晚期，知识的大幅增加将为这一动态地区的史前史的科学理解的重大修订提供基础。危地马拉和美国学生将参加该项目，以加强他们的培训，并增加他们对太平洋危地马拉史前重要性的了解。