Collaborative Research: Neighborhood Choice, Environmental Justice, and Policy Analysis

合作研究：邻里选择、环境正义和政策分析

• 批准号: 0321621
• 负责人: Spencer Banzhaf
• 金额: $ 13.84万
• 依托单位: Resources For the Future Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-08-01 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0321621&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Neighborhood; Choice; Environmental

The environmental justice movement interprets documented correlations between pollution and low-income minority populations as evidence of environmental racism. An alternative explanation is that, because of income constraints or differential tastes for environmental quality, low-income minority households accept poor environmental quality in exchange for lower housing costs. The observed correlations may therefore reflect the income or taste differences between white and minority populations. This study examines the locational decisions of households, of different race, income, and housing tenure, based on the air pollution, school quality, and racial make-up of different communities. To do so, it builds on a spatial equilibrium framework, which explicitly models the endogenous sorting of households, formation of communities of specific types, and housing prices. The study will enable tests of migratory sorting based on environmental quality, and, through simulations, infer the effects of various public policies addressing environmental justice issues.This research will further our understanding of the social interactions of race, income, housing and public goods. It will also help design public policies to help address the correlation between pollution and income or minority populations. For instance, targeting improvements in environmental quality to lower-income minority neighborhoods may result in an influx of higher income households, driving up rents for the neighborhood's original inhabitants. In such cases, higher-income households may ironically receive the bulk of benefits-and low-income renter households may actually be made worse off. In this case, broader-based policies may actually be more effective for helping the poorer populations. Our research will help evaluate these and other policy questions. Finally, by helping develop a modeling framework that simultaneously studies migration, community formation, and housing prices, it will contribute to a research method that can address related topics, including studies of schooling, transportation, and local taxation.

环境正义运动将污染与低收入少数群体之间的相关性解释为环境种族主义的证据。 另一种解释是，由于收入限制或对环境质量的品味不同，低收入少数族裔家庭接受较差的环境质量，以换取较低的住房成本。 因此，观察到的相关性可能反映了白色和少数民族人口之间的收入或品味差异。 本研究以空气污染、学校品质及种族构成为基础，探讨不同种族、收入及房屋保有权的家庭在不同社区的区位决策。 为此，它建立在一个空间均衡框架，明确模拟家庭的内生排序，形成特定类型的社区，和住房价格。 通过该研究，可以对基于环境质量的迁移分类进行测试，并通过模拟，推断出解决环境正义问题的各种公共政策的效果。该研究将进一步加深我们对种族、收入、住房和公共产品的社会相互作用的理解。 它还将帮助设计公共政策，以帮助解决污染与收入或少数民族人口之间的相互关系。 例如，针对低收入少数族裔社区的环境质量改善可能会导致高收入家庭的涌入，从而推高社区原居民的租金。 在这种情况下，具有讽刺意味的是，高收入家庭可能会获得大部分福利，而低收入租房家庭实际上可能会变得更糟。 在这种情况下，基础更广泛的政策实际上可能更有效地帮助贫困人口。 我们的研究将有助于评估这些和其他政策问题。 最后，通过帮助开发同时研究移民，社区形成和房价的建模框架，它将有助于解决相关主题的研究方法，包括学校教育，交通和地方税收的研究。