Microbial Genome Sequencing: Coupling Diversity with Function: Metagenomics of Boreal Forest Fungi

微生物基因组测序：多样性与功能的耦合：北方森林真菌的宏基因组学

• 批准号: 0333308
• 负责人: Donald Taylor
• 金额: $ 80万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-11-01 至 2007-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0333308&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Microbial; Genome; Sequencing; Coupling; Diversity

Fungi play dominant roles in decomposition and plant nutrient acquisition, and thus influence net primary productivity, carbon sequestration in soil, and the biogeochemical cycling of key elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Little is known about the roles of particular fungal species in these processes, in part because many species cannot easily be isolated in pure culture. Metagenomic methods offer solutions to this isolation-bias problem. The boreal forest plays a central role in global biogeochemical cycling due to its abundance and because it stores approximately 30% of the earth's reactive carbon. Hence, fungal diversity and function in the boreal forest are compelling subjects for metagenomic scrutiny. This project will undertake the most detailed examination to date of fungal diversity, genetic relationships and substrate specificity within a single geographic region. In the first step, 32,000 clones from PCR libraries of fungal ribosomal gene-regions amplified from soil DNA extracts will be sequenced. The DNAs will be extracted from key soil substrates (e.g. leaf litter, humus, wood, roots) within each of three forest types that are important components of the northern boreal forest. Discovery of novel fungi and their substrate preferences are anticipated. In the second step, the same ribosomal region will be sequenced in 4000 dried fruitbodies (e.g. mushrooms) maintained within the UAF Mycological Herbarium. The herbarium specimen sequences will permit below-ground and above-ground views of diversity to be compared, will help identify unknown fungi, and will provide a powerful database for identification of the constituent fungi observed in 'community fingerprints' from a variety of related ecological studies.

真菌在分解和植物养分获取中起主导作用，从而影响净初级生产力，土壤中的碳固存以及关键元素如氮和磷的生态地球化学循环。关于特定真菌物种在这些过程中的作用知之甚少，部分原因是许多物种不能在纯培养中容易地分离出来。宏基因组学方法提供了解决这个孤立偏倚问题的方法。 北方森林在全球生物地球化学循环中起着核心作用，因为它丰富，因为它储存了大约30%的地球活性碳。因此，真菌的多样性和功能在北方森林宏基因组审查引人注目的主题。 该项目将在一个地理区域内进行迄今为止最详细的真菌多样性、遗传关系和底物特异性的研究。在第一步中，将对从土壤DNA提取物扩增的真菌核糖体基因区的PCR文库中的32，000个克隆进行测序。DNA将从作为北方北方森林重要组成部分的三种森林类型中的每一种森林类型的关键土壤基质（例如落叶、腐殖质、木材、根）中提取。新的真菌及其底物偏好的发现是预期的。 在第二步中，将对保存在UAF真菌标本馆中的4000个干燥子实体（例如蘑菇）中的相同核糖体区域进行测序。植物标本馆的标本序列将允许地下和地上的多样性进行比较，将有助于识别未知的真菌，并将提供一个强大的数据库，用于识别从各种相关生态研究中观察到的“群落指纹”中的组成真菌。