Rupture Characteristics of Major Earthquakes

大地震的破裂特征

• 批准号: 0337491
• 负责人: Donald Helmberger
• 金额: $ 37.54万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-01-01 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0337491&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Rupture; Characteristics; Major; Earthquakes

At present, the locations of earthquakes are reported as points along with an origin time estimates. These locations are determined by inverting P-wave travel-time picks or from long-period waveform matching (Centroid Moment Tensor). These estimates can be different by a 100 km for large events where fault breakage at the Earth's surface extends over large distances. This research addresses these types of large events and will attempt to model their seismic data (IRIS) as distributed sources along with their rupture properties. This will be attempted in stages ranging from near-real time to in-depth studies of individual earthquake sequences involving foreshocks, mainshock, and aftershocks. The early reporting (stage one) will impact emergency situations and field operations by estimating "ground shaking" and ground breakage in the epicentral region. In later stages, the addition of geodetic data, measured ground breakage, etc. will be added to the inversion when the effects of fault complexity (step-overs) will be examined in terms of rupture properties. These models can then be used to set meaningful limits on how large peak ground velocities can reach, which is of great concern to engineers who presently have very little strong-motion data on Great Earthquakes.

目前，地震的位置被报告为点沿着与起源时间估计。 这些位置通过反演P波走时拾取或长周期波形匹配（质心矩张量）确定。 对于地球表面断层破裂延伸很远的大型事件，这些估计可能相差100公里。 这项研究解决了这些类型的大事件，并将试图模拟他们的地震数据（IRIS）作为分布式源沿着与他们的破裂属性。 这将尝试分阶段进行，从近实时到对涉及前震、主震和余震的单个地震序列进行深入研究。 早期报告（第一阶段）将通过估计震中地区的“地面震动”和地面破坏来影响紧急情况和现场行动。 在后期阶段，当从破裂性质的角度审查断层复杂性（跨越）的影响时，将把大地测量数据、测量的地面破裂等添加到反演中。 然后，这些模型可以用来设置有意义的限制，最大地面速度可以达到多大，这是非常关心的工程师谁目前有很少的强震数据大地震。