Rupture Characteristics of Major Earthquakes

目前，地震的地点是以点为单位报告的，并估计了地震的发源时间。这些位置是通过反P波走时拾取或通过长周期波形匹配(质心矩张量)确定的。对于地球表面断层断裂延伸到很长距离的大型事件，这些估计可能会相差100公里。这项研究针对这些类型的大事件，并将尝试将它们的地震数据(IRIS)建模为分布式震源及其破裂特性。这将从接近实时到深入研究涉及前震、主震和余震的个别地震序列的各个阶段进行尝试。早期报告(第一阶段)将通过估计震中地区的“地面震动”和地面破坏来影响紧急情况和实地行动。在后期阶段，将根据破裂性质检查断层复杂性(跳跃)的影响时，将在反演中加入大地测量数据、测量的地面破损等内容。然后，这些模型可以用来对峰值地面速度可以达到多大设定有意义的限制，这是工程师们非常担心的，他们目前对大地震的强震数据非常少。

At present, the locations of earthquakes are reported as points along with an origin time estimates. These locations are determined by inverting P-wave travel-time picks or from long-period waveform matching (Centroid Moment Tensor). These estimates can be different by a 100 km for large events where fault breakage at the Earth's surface extends over large distances. This research addresses these types of large events and will attempt to model their seismic data (IRIS) as distributed sources along with their rupture properties. This will be attempted in stages ranging from near-real time to in-depth studies of individual earthquake sequences involving foreshocks, mainshock, and aftershocks. The early reporting (stage one) will impact emergency situations and field operations by estimating "ground shaking" and ground breakage in the epicentral region. In later stages, the addition of geodetic data, measured ground breakage, etc. will be added to the inversion when the effects of fault complexity (step-overs) will be examined in terms of rupture properties. These models can then be used to set meaningful limits on how large peak ground velocities can reach, which is of great concern to engineers who presently have very little strong-motion data on Great Earthquakes.