The Antarctic Investigations of Upper Atmospheric Disturbances over the South Pole Station

本提案旨在更新南极站（SPS）近地空间环境中日地扰动的长期航空调查。这种扰动调节了南极SPS上空中层大气和热层的组成、热力学和动力学。建议继续利用SPS的电光遥感仪器进行以下研究：(1)南极f区斑块的来源和传播及其与极帽毛毛雨和f区动态的关系；(2)与极帽区日向极光弧区相比，南极极光椭圆夜间区中心的e区O/N2比值的变化；以及与这些极e区成分变化相关的加热和动力学；(3)平流层变暖事件（SWE）引起的南极中层大气扰动；中低热层与平流层通过重力波增强耦合的能量学分析；(4)南极热层对太阳磁云/日冕物质抛射（SMC/CME）事件的响应以及150km以上大气红外波段O2发射的相关变化；(5)焦耳加热对南极f区热力学的影响；焦耳加热过程中南极f区动力学温度的变化。这五个过程的研究数据将来自两套遥感仪器：(1)太阳同步子午线扫描光子计数多通道光度计的极光发射亮度测量；(2)利用高分辨率红外迈克尔逊干涉仪和可见光/近红外CCD光谱仪连续记录南方冬季的气辉和极光发射光谱。每年大约从3月到9月，这种极地研究只能在SPS进行，因为北极站持续受到阳光照射。从不同的MLT高度产生的气辉温度变化，允许研究在MLT区域传播的行星波、潮汐波和重力波的动力学效应，以及这些波之间的非线性相互作用。同样，通过观测到的MLT动力学空气温度和密度的变化，可以研究通过SWE期间重力波活动增强导致中间层冷却前兆的SPS不同大气区域的耦合。

This proposal is for renewal of long-term aeronomical investigations of solar-terrestrial disturbances in the near-Earth space environment over the South Pole Station (SPS). Such disturbances modulate the composition, thermodynamics and dynamics of the middle atmosphere and thermosphere over SPS in Antarctica. It is proposed to continue operating the electro-optical, remote-sensing instruments at SPS to investigate: (1) source(s) and propagation of Antarctic F-region patches and their relation to the polar cap drizzles and the F-region dynamics; (2) changes in the Antarctic E-region O/N2 ratio in the center of the night-sector of the austral auroral oval compared to those in the sun-aligned auroral arcs in the polar cap region; and the heating and dynamics associated with these polar E-region compositional changes; (3) Antarctic middle atmosphere disturbances generated by Stratospheric Warming Events (SWE); and energetics of the coupling among the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) regions with the stratosphere through enhanced gravity waves in SWE; (4) Antarctic thermospheric response to Solar Magnetic Cloud/Coronal Mass Ejection (SMC/CME) events; and related changes in O2 atmospheric infrared band emissions above 150 km height; and (5) effects of the Joule heating on the thermodynamics of the Antarctic F-region; changes in kinetic temperature of the Antarctic F-region during Joule heating. Data for studies of all these five aeronomic processes will come from two sets of remote-sensing instruments: (1) auroral emissions brightness measurements from the sun-synchronous Meridian Scanning Photon Counting Multichannel photometer; and (2) airglow and auroral emission spectra recorded continuously during austral winter the high-resolution Infrared Michelson Interferometer and Visible/Near-Infrared CCD spectrographs. From about March through September of each year, such polar studies are only feasible at SPS since the Arctic stations are continuously sunlit. Changes in airglow temperature, from different MLT heights, permit studies of the dynamical effects of planetary, tidal and gravity waves propagating in the MLT regions as well as non-linear interactions among these waves. Like-wise, coupling of different atmospheric regions over SPS, through enhanced gravity wave activities during SWE that lead to a precursor as mesospheric cooling, can be investigated through the observed changes in MLT kinetic air temperature and density.