The Antarctic Investigations of Upper Atmospheric Disturbances over the South Pole Station

这项提议是为了更新南极站(SPS)上空近地空间环境中日地扰动的长期空气学调查。这种扰动影响着南极SPS上空中层大气和热层的组成、热力学和动力学。建议继续在SPS运行光电遥感仪器，以研究：(1)南极F区斑块的来源(S)和传播及其与极冠毛雨和F区动力学的关系；(2)南极光椭圆夜间部分中心的南极E区O/N_2比与极帽区太阳对向极光弧区相比的变化；以及与这些极地E区成分变化有关的加热和动力学；(3)平流层变暖事件(SWE)产生的南极中大气扰动；主要研究内容包括：(1)中温层和低热层(MLT)区域之间通过SWE中增强的重力波与平流层之间的耦合的能量学；(4)南极热层对太阳磁云/日冕物质抛射(SMC/CME)事件的响应；(2)150公里高度以上O2大气红外波段发射的相关变化；(5)焦耳加热对南极F区热力学的影响；在焦耳加热期间南极F区动温的变化。用于研究这所有五个大气过程的数据将来自两套遥感仪器：(1)太阳同步子午线扫描光子计数多通道光度计的极光发射亮度测量；(2)在南半球冬季连续记录的气辉和极光发射光谱；(2)高分辨率红外迈克尔逊干涉仪和可见光/近红外电荷耦合器件光谱仪。从每年的3月到9月，这样的极地研究只有在SPS才是可行的，因为北极站一直处于阳光下。不同MLT高度的气辉温度的变化，使研究在MLT区域传播的行星波、潮汐波和重力波的动力效应以及这些波之间的非线性相互作用成为可能。同样，通过观测MLT运动温度和密度的变化，可以研究SPS上不同大气区域之间的耦合，这是通过SWE期间重力波活动的增强而导致中层冷却的前兆。

This proposal is for renewal of long-term aeronomical investigations of solar-terrestrial disturbances in the near-Earth space environment over the South Pole Station (SPS). Such disturbances modulate the composition, thermodynamics and dynamics of the middle atmosphere and thermosphere over SPS in Antarctica. It is proposed to continue operating the electro-optical, remote-sensing instruments at SPS to investigate: (1) source(s) and propagation of Antarctic F-region patches and their relation to the polar cap drizzles and the F-region dynamics; (2) changes in the Antarctic E-region O/N2 ratio in the center of the night-sector of the austral auroral oval compared to those in the sun-aligned auroral arcs in the polar cap region; and the heating and dynamics associated with these polar E-region compositional changes; (3) Antarctic middle atmosphere disturbances generated by Stratospheric Warming Events (SWE); and energetics of the coupling among the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) regions with the stratosphere through enhanced gravity waves in SWE; (4) Antarctic thermospheric response to Solar Magnetic Cloud/Coronal Mass Ejection (SMC/CME) events; and related changes in O2 atmospheric infrared band emissions above 150 km height; and (5) effects of the Joule heating on the thermodynamics of the Antarctic F-region; changes in kinetic temperature of the Antarctic F-region during Joule heating. Data for studies of all these five aeronomic processes will come from two sets of remote-sensing instruments: (1) auroral emissions brightness measurements from the sun-synchronous Meridian Scanning Photon Counting Multichannel photometer; and (2) airglow and auroral emission spectra recorded continuously during austral winter the high-resolution Infrared Michelson Interferometer and Visible/Near-Infrared CCD spectrographs. From about March through September of each year, such polar studies are only feasible at SPS since the Arctic stations are continuously sunlit. Changes in airglow temperature, from different MLT heights, permit studies of the dynamical effects of planetary, tidal and gravity waves propagating in the MLT regions as well as non-linear interactions among these waves. Like-wise, coupling of different atmospheric regions over SPS, through enhanced gravity wave activities during SWE that lead to a precursor as mesospheric cooling, can be investigated through the observed changes in MLT kinetic air temperature and density.