Observations of Upper Atmospheric Energetics, Dynamics, and Long-Term Variations over the South Pole Station

南极站上空高层大气能量、动力学和长期变化的观测

• 批准号: 0636706
• 负责人: Gulamabas Sivjee
• 金额: $ 27.29万
• 依托单位: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-15 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0636706&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Observations; Upper; Atmospheric; Energetics; Dynamics

This project will provide for the continued operation and data analysis of an electro-optical remote sensing facility at South Pole Station. The facility will be used to examine 1) the source(s) and propagation of patches of enhanced plasma density in the F-region of the Antarctic ionosphere, 2) changes in the Antarctic E-region O/N2 ratio in the center of the night-sector of the auroral oval and compare the ratios with those found in the sun-aligned auroral arcs in the Polar Cap region, 3) Antarctic middle atmosphere disturbances generated by Stratospheric Warming Events (SWE), 4) quantitative characterization of the effects of solar variability on the temperature of the upper mesosphere region, 5) Antarctic thermospheric response to Solar Magnetic Cloud/Coronal Mass Ejection (SMC/CME) events, and 6) the effects of Joule heating on the thermodynamics of the Antarctic F-region. Data for all these studies will come from two sets of remote-sensing facilities at SPS: 1) Auroral emissions brightness measurements from the sun-synchronous Meridian Scanning Photon Counting Multichannel photometer; 2) Airglow and Auroral emission spectra recorded continuously during Austral winter at SPS with the high throughput, high resolution Infrared Michelson Interferometer as well as Visible - Near Infrared CCD spectrographs. Meridional variations in the brightness of F-region's auroral emissions provide the necessary data for investigations of the dynamics and IMF control, as well as the excitation mechanism(s), of the F-region patches. The brightness of auroral emissions from O and N relative to those from molecular species (O2 and N2) can be analyzed to assess, quantitatively, changes in the thermospheric composition. These data (from continuous (24 hours a day) measurements during the totally dark six months of each Austral winter at SPS) will be used to investigate the effects of solar-terrestrial disturbances on Antarctic thermospheric composition and thermodynamics, including response of the mesopause to solar cycle variations. Changes in airglow temperature (derived from OH and O2 bands), from different mesosphere/lower-thermosphere (MLT) heights, permit studies of the dynamical effects of Planetary, Tidal and Gravity waves propagating in the MLT regions as well as non-linear interactions among these waves. Coupling of different atmospheric regions over SPS, through enhanced gravity wave activities during SWE that lead to a precursor as Mesospheric cooling, will be investigated through the observed changes in MLT kinetic air temperature and density. The project will enhance the infrastructure for research and education at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, bringing together the PI/Co-I and students from Departments of Physical Sciences and Aerospace Engineering. Graduate and undergraduate students will participate in modern research and software development.

该项目将为南极站的一个光电遥感设施的继续运行和数据分析提供经费。 该设施将用于检查：1）南极电离层F区增强等离子体密度斑块的来源和传播，2）极光椭圆夜区中心南极E区O/N2比值的变化，并将该比值与极帽区与太阳对齐的极光弧中的比值进行比较，3）平流层变暖事件（SWE）引起的南极中层大气扰动，4）太阳变率对上层中层区域温度影响的定量表征，5）南极热层对太阳磁云/日冕物质抛射（SMC/CME）事件的响应，焦耳加热对南极F区热力学的影响。所有这些研究的数据将来自SPS的两套遥感设施：1）来自太阳同步子午线扫描光子计数多通道光度计的极光发射亮度测量; 2）在SPS的南极冬季期间，使用高通量、高分辨率的红外迈克尔逊干涉仪以及可见-近红外CCD摄谱仪连续记录的气辉和极光发射光谱。F区极光辐射亮度的经向变化为研究F区斑块的动力学和IMF控制以及激发机制提供了必要的数据。可以分析O和N相对于分子种类（O2和N2）极光发射的亮度，以定量评估热层组成的变化。这些数据（来自SPS在每个南极冬季完全黑暗的六个月期间的连续（每天24小时）测量）将用于调查日地扰动对南极热层组成和热力学的影响，包括中层顶对太阳周期变化的反应。气辉温度的变化（来自OH和O2波段），从不同的中间层/低热层（MLT）的高度，允许研究的行星，潮汐和重力波在MLT区域传播的动力学效应，以及这些波之间的非线性相互作用。通过观测到的MLT动力学空气温度和密度的变化，将研究不同大气区域在SPS上的耦合，通过SWE期间增强的重力波活动，导致中间层冷却的前兆。该项目将加强安柏瑞德航空航天大学的研究和教育基础设施，汇集PI/Co-I和物理科学系和航空航天工程系的学生。研究生和本科生将参与现代研究和软件开发。