Collaborative Research - Penetrating Foreign Markets: A Firm and Product-Level Investigation

摘要PROPOSAL编号：0318238INSTITUTION：NBER/纽约大学NSF计划：ECONOMICSPRINCIPAL调查员：Eaton，Jonathan PROPOSAL标题：合作研究-渗透外国市场：公司和产品层面的调查在过去30年里，快速的技术创新、技术的国际传播和世界市场的一体化改变了全球经济。虽然在总体和部门层面上对这些问题进行了调查，但对产生和应对这种变化的个别公司的研究较少。这项研究调查了创新和全球化的过程，整合了公司、产品、部门和国家的数据。它开发了一种调查产品创新和进入国外市场的方法。这种方法描述了公司如何在被贸易壁垒隔开的国家市场上竞争销售。跨空间竞争模型与企业动力学模型相联系，涉及新产品的创新和旧产品的淘汰。这一方法被应用于1986年以来法国私营部门制造企业的广泛管理数据集。这些数据的不同寻常之处在于，它们表明了每一家公司每年向个别国家出口的每种产品的数量。研究的一个目标是量化在国外市场销售的成本。解决的问题是：在外国市场销售的成本在多大程度上是固定的或可变的？固定成本在多大程度上是沉没或经常性的？企业是否有各自的出口目的地“网络”？量化出口成本的一个好处是准确评估不同形式的市场一体化的好处。例如，一项发现表明，进入一个国家市场的固定成本是可观的，这表明小国特别可能从市场一体化中受益。第二个目标是将总体贸易流量与企业层面发生的事情联系起来。出口目的地的差异如何反映在个别公司销售的数量和公司参与出口的程度上？这些知识将提供洞察，了解全球经济的各种情景如何反映在个别生产者的业绩中。第三个目标是更好地理解出口在企业生命周期中的作用。产品创新、企业成长和国外市场渗透之间是否存在联系？本文的研究有助于我们理解国际经济中的民营企业。新的方法还允许我们在公司、部门和国家的规模上整合数据集，并提高我们利用越来越多的可用的社会、经济和技术指标的能力，利用理论模型、先进的统计技术和计算机技术来研究基本的全球现象。

ABSTRACTPROPOSAL NUMBER: 0318238INSTITUTION: NBER/New York UniversityNSF PROGRAM: ECONOMICSPRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Eaton, JonathanPROPOSAL TITLE: Collaborative Research - Penetrating Foreign Markets: A Firm and Product-Level Investigation Rapid technological innovation, international diffusion of technology, and integration of world markets have transformed the global economy in the last three decades. While these have been investigated at the aggregate and sectoral levels, individual firms that generate and respond to such changes are less studied. This research investigates the processes of innovation and globalization that integrates data at the scale of firms, products, sectors, and nations. It develops a methodology to investigate product innovation and entry into foreign markets. The methodology characterizes how firms compete in selling across national markets separated by trade barriers. The model of competition across space is linked to a model of firm dynamics involving the innovation of new products and the obsolescence of old ones. This methodology is applied to an extensive administrative dataset of private-sector French manufacturing firms since 1986. These data are unusual in that they indicate, for each firm in each year, the amount exported of each product to individual countries.A goal of the research is to quantify the costs of selling in a foreign market. Questions addressed are: To what extent is the cost of selling in a foreign market fixed or variable? To what extent are fixed costs sunk or recurrent? Do firms have individual "networks" of export destinations? A benefit of quantifying the costs of exporting is to accurately assess the benefits of different forms of market integration. For example, a finding that the fixed cost of entering a national market is substantial suggests that small countries are particularly likely to benefit from market integration. A second goal is to relate aggregate trade flows to what goes on at the firm level. How is the variation in export destination reflected in the quantities that individual firms sell and the participation of firms in exporting? This knowledge will provide insight into how various scenarios for the global economy are reflected in the performance of individual producers. A third goal is a better understanding of the role of exports in the life-cycle of firms. Are there connections between product innovation, firm growth, and penetration of foreign markets?This study contributes to our understanding of the private firms in the international economy. The new methodology also allows us to integrate data sets at the scale of firms, sectors, and nations as well as enhance our ability to exploit the increasing array of available social, economic, and technological indicators to study fundamental global phenomena using theoretical models, advanced statistical techniques, and computer technology.