Research, Technology, and Comparative Advantage

研究、技术和比较优势

• 批准号: 9601765
• 负责人: Jonathan Eaton
• 金额: $ 28.6万
• 依托单位: National Bureau of Economic Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-08-15 至 2000-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9601765&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Research; Technology; Comparative; Advantage

The purpose of this research is to analyze the dynamics of innovation and technological diffusion in the world economy. One component of this research is to specify and to estimate a model of productivity differences and patterns of trade, given the allocation of technological knowledge across countries and sectors. The model implies that, given the distribution of technical knowledge, trade can influence observed measures of productivity, so that these measures reflect underlying access to technology indirectly. Using the model's implications for trade flows and productivity, the parameters of the model will be estimated with international data on these magnitudes. The second component of the research is to specify and to estimate a dynamic model of sectoral innovation and technology diffusion underlying this static trade model. Different countries may serve as the major innovators in specific industries, and the speed of diffusion may depend on the technology in question and the countries involved. The model incorporates the decision to innovate and to patent innovations in different countries. This model can be used to infer the sources of innovation and the direction of technology flow from sectoral data on research input, productivity, and international patenting. Together, the two components of the research have implications for: (i) which countries are the major innovators and contributors to productivity growth in different sectors; (ii) the extent to which other countries benefit from these innovations, either through diffusion or through trade; (iii) how innovation and technology diffusion affect observed patterns of productivity and trade; and (iv) how barriers to trade affect productivity and growth.

本研究的目的是分析世界经济中创新和技术扩散的动态。 这项研究的一个组成部分是，根据技术知识在各国和各部门之间的分配情况，确定和估计生产率差异和贸易格局的模型。 该模型意味着，鉴于技术知识的分布，贸易可以影响所观察到的生产率指标，因此这些指标间接反映了获得技术的基本情况。 利用该模型对贸易流动和生产力的影响，将利用关于这些规模的国际数据来估计该模型的参数。 研究的第二个组成部分是具体说明和估计一个动态模型的部门创新和技术扩散的基础上，这个静态的贸易模式。 不同的国家可能成为特定行业的主要创新者，而传播速度可能取决于所涉技术和所涉国家。 该模型包括在不同国家进行创新和为创新申请专利的决定。 该模型可用于从研究投入、生产率和国际专利申请等部门数据推断创新的来源和技术流动的方向。 研究的这两个组成部分合在一起对以下方面具有影响：（一）哪些国家是不同部门生产力增长的主要创新者和贡献者;（二）其他国家通过传播或贸易从这些创新中受益的程度;（三）创新和技术传播如何影响所观察到的生产力和贸易格局;以及（iv）贸易壁垒如何影响生产力和增长。