Long Term Modulation of the Galactic Cosmic Radiation

研究人员将利用从卫星和其他当代研究中获得的对宇宙辐射及其与日光层磁场相互作用的理解，来研究过去10,000年来宇宙线调制的时间变异性。目前的证据表明，太阳活动呈现出大约2200年的“长”周期，预计这项调查将产生关于日球层磁场的起源及其随时间变化的数量变化的重要结果。这一活动可能会对宇宙线理论、太阳物理学和空间天气的各个方面产生相当大的影响。这项研究将使用宇宙学数据和宇宙射线传输方程的数学解来研究长期调制过程，以推断日光层和太阳磁场的状态。这项研究将(1)开发分析技术，以更好地解决铍-10同位素数据的11年变化，并更好地从碳-14记录中消除地磁效应；(2)利用宇宙学数据和所有可用的太阳替代数据，研究公元850-1950年期间宇宙线调制与太阳活动之间的联系；(3)利用(1)和(2)中获得的理解来研究过去10,000年的调制过程；以及(4)评估对1951年以来的铍-10产量进行高精度测量的可行性，以便与中子监测记录进行详细的比较，并更好地了解铍-10、碳-14和银河系宇宙线观测之间的耦合。一项主要成果将是加强宇宙线、太阳能和宇宙起源研究界之间的合作。宇宙学数据是过去可用于研究太阳过程及其对地球影响的为数不多的定量测量之一，将获得的关于日球层磁场的定量信息预计将对与全新世期间气候、地质和生物变化有关的学科感兴趣。量化过去的日球层效应将有助于预测未来太阳对我们技术基础设施的影响。

The investigators will use the understanding gained from satellite and other contemporary investigations of the cosmic radiation and its interaction with the heliospheric magnetic field, to investigate the temporal variability of the cosmic ray modulation over the past 10,000 years. Current evidence indicates that solar activity exhibits a "long" periodicity of about 2200 years, and the investigation is expected to yield important results regarding the origin of the heliospheric magnetic field, and its quantitative variability over time. This activity may have considerable impact upon cosmic ray theory, solar physics, and aspects of space weather. The research will use cosmogenic data, and mathematical solutions of the cosmic ray transport equation, to investigate the long term modulation processes to infer the state of the heliosphere and of the solar magnetic field. The investigation will (1) develop analytical techniques to provide better resolution of the 11 year variation in beryllium-10 isotope data, and to better remove geomagnetic effects from the carbon-14 record; (2) use the cosmogenic data, and all available solar proxies, to study the associations between the cosmic ray modulation, and solar activity throughout the interval 850-1950 A.D.; (3) use the understanding gained in (1) and (2) to study the modulation processes for the past 10,000 years; and (4) assess the feasibility of making high precision measurements of the beryllium-10 production since 1951, to allow detailed comparison with the neutron monitor record and to better understand the coupling between beryllium-10, carbon-14, and galactic cosmic ray observations. A major outcome will be strengthened collaboration among the cosmic ray, solar, and cosmogenic research communities. The cosmogenic data are one of the few quantitative measurements available to study solar processes in the past, and their effects at Earth, and the quantitative information that will be obtained on the heliospheric magnetic fields is expected to be of interest to disciplines concerned with climatic, geological, and biological changes during the Holocene. Quantifying the heliospheric effects in the past will assist the prediction of the solar effects upon our technological infrastructure in the future.