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Facing multiple enemies: trade-offs between adaptive responses to predators and parasites in the context of inducible defences.

面对多个敌人：在诱导防御的背景下对捕食者和寄生虫的适应性反应之间的权衡。

基本信息

批准号：
165935089
负责人：
Professor Dr. Christian Laforsch
金额：
--
依托单位：
Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2009-12-31 至 2013-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/165935089?language=en
关键词：
Facing multiple enemies trade offs

项目摘要

In nature, organisms encounter a variety of enemies simultaneously, leading to trade-offs between adaptive responses. In predator-prey interactions, for example, a defence trait against one predator could render the prey more vulnerable to another predator. Hence, phenotypic plasticity in the prey’s defensive traits is a widespread mechanism to cope with a continuously changing predator spectrum. The costs and benefits of these inducible defences have not been explored in the context of simultaneous exposure to enemies from different functional levels, such as predators and parasites. We propose to study the effects of such a multiple-enemy situation. Specifically, we wish to address trade-offs between prey morphological, life-history and behavioural responses to predator threats and their susceptibility to common and virulent parasites. Our target prey animals (and hosts) will be waterfleas (Daphnia), which are a wellestablished model system in both predator-prey and host-parasite research, and will thus allow us to build on earlier developed tools and methods. This project will be a combination of field sampling and laboratory experiments on predator-prey-parasite interactions, and will advance our understanding of adaptive plasticity and community dynamics in a multiple enemy context.

在自然界中，生物体同时遇到各种敌人，导致适应性反应之间的权衡。例如，在捕食者与猎物的相互作用中，针对一种捕食者的防御特征可能会使猎物更容易受到另一种捕食者的攻击。因此，猎物防御特征的表型可塑性是应对不断变化的捕食者谱系的一种普遍机制。在同时暴露于不同功能水平的敌人（例如捕食者和寄生虫）的背景下，尚未探讨这些诱导防御的成本和收益。我们建议研究这种多敌局面的影响。具体来说，我们希望解决猎物形态、生活史和对捕食者威胁的行为反应与其对常见和有毒寄生虫的易感性之间的权衡。我们的目标猎物动物（和宿主）将是水蚤（水蚤），它是捕食者-猎物和宿主-寄生虫研究中成熟的模型系统，因此使我们能够以早期开发的工具和方法为基础。该项目将结合现场采样和关于捕食者-猎物-寄生虫相互作用的实验室实验，并将增进我们对多敌环境中适应性可塑性和群落动态的理解。