Fundamental Issues in Quantum Gases

这笔拨款用于支持量子气体的理论研究。主题包括强相互作用的费米气体，具有大角动量的量子气体，以及自旋一和自旋二玻色气体的动力学。这些研究与当前这个跨学科领域的实验直接相关。同时，本研究也探索了新的方向。这些项目解决了量子气体中的三个基本问题：强相互作用的效应；玻色凝聚体因大简并而破坏；以及具有内自由度的玻色子的量子动力学。对费米气体的研究主要集中在强相互作用对系统基态性质的影响、强相互作用下超流体的特征以及具有有限角动量的分子凝聚物的新超流体相。快速旋转玻色气体项目研究了由于大轨道简并而导致的超流体击穿、强相关基态的特征以及各种环境下新量子霍尔态的出现。关于自旋一和自旋二玻色气体的课题研究了平均场动力学的有效性和量子（非平均场）动力学的一般性质。所有这些项目都旨在提高我们对量子气体基本特性的概念理解。在当前实验条件下探索量子气体特性的同时，他们也在探索可能的新相。学生和博士后助理将参与这些研究。这些项目将在许多不同的领域提供扎实的培训，包括凝聚态物理、原子物理和量子光学。在欧洲、日本和中国建立了合作关系。这笔经费用于对超冷原子气体性质的理论研究。这一研究领域处于凝聚态物理学和原子物理学的交叉点。对所谓玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的实验验证导致了最近的两项诺贝尔奖。虽然对这些气体的研究本身具有挑战性和富有成果，但对这些气体的研究提供了对凝聚相系统性质的独特见解。这项研究为学生提供了很好的训练

This grant supports theoretical research on quantum gases. Topics include strongly interacting Fermi gases, quantum gases with large angular momentum, and the dynamics of spin-one and spin-two Bose gases. These studies are directly related to current experiments in this interdisciplinary field. At the same time, this research explores new directions.The projects address three fundamental issues in quantum gases: effect of strong interactions; destruction of Bose condensates due to large degeneracy; and quantum dynamics of bosons with internal degrees of freedom. The projects on Fermi gases focus on the effect of strong interaction on the ground state properties of the systems, the signature of superfluidity in the strongly interacting regime, and the new superfluid phases of molecular condensates with finite angular momentum. The projects on fast rotating Bose gases study the breakdown of superfluidity due to large orbital degeneracy, the signature of strongly correlated ground states, and the emergence of new quantum Hall states in various environments. The projects on spin-one and spin-two Bose gases investigates the validity of mean-field dynamics and the general properties of quantum (non-mean-field) dynamics. All of these projects aim at advancing our conceptual understanding of the fundamental properties of quantum gases. While exploring the properties of quantum gases under current experimental conditions, they also explore possible new phases.Students and postdoctoral associates will participate in these studies. These projects will provide solid training in many different areas including condensed matter physics, atomic physics and quantum optics. Collaborations have been established in Europe, Japan and China.%%%This grant supports theoretical research on the properties of gases of ultracold atoms. This area of research is at the intersection between condensed matter physics and atomic physics. The experimental verification of the so-called Bose-Einstein condensation has resulted in two recent Nobel prizes. While research into these gases is challenging and fruitful in its own right, studies of these gases provide unique insight into properties of condensed phase systems. The research provides an excellent training for students.***