FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES OF DEGENERATE QUANTUM GASES

该奖项支持凝聚态物理和原子物理界面的理论研究和教育。PI将解决量子气体的四个主要领域的基本问题：(i)强相互作用费米气体，（ii）光学晶格中的量子气体，（iii）具有内部自由度的量子气体，以及（iv）快速旋转量子气体。这些项目与当前的实验直接相关。与此同时，他们探索新的方向。关于费米气体的项目将研究这些系统的普遍性质，以及它们在非零旋转和二维中的推广。目标是发展新的精确关系，这将阐明热力学和输运性质。晶格量子气体的研究项目解决了两个非常重要的问题：如何大幅降低熵以有效地达到强相关状态，以及如何直接从实验数据确定系统的相图。大自旋量子气体的项目将有助于我们发现新的宏观量子现象，并探索这些系统中的固有偶极效应。他们将在未来帮助设计和设计这些系统中的特殊量子自旋态。快速旋转量子气体的研究旨在实现超冷原子中的量子霍尔态。这些项目将为不同领域的学生和博士后研究人员提供培训，例如凝聚态物理、原子物理和量子光学。该奖项支持凝聚态物理和原子物理界面的理论研究和教育。PI将研究物质的新量子力学状态，这些状态是由原子冷却到非常低的温度并被捕获所表现出来的，例如通过激光。超冷原子的旋转气体也将被研究。超冷原子系统中的某些物质状态与复杂材料中的电子状态和半导体材料中局限于二维高磁场中的电子状态有相似之处。捕获超冷原子和凝聚态物质系统研究之间的协同作用可能导致在具有挑战性的基础科学问题上取得更快速的进展。虽然超冷原子和电子系统各自都很有趣，但在每种情况下理解这些系统都有可能导致未来的计算和设备技术。该项目还为高等教育提供了机会，并为21世纪的高技能科学劳动力做出了贡献。

TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research and education at the interface of condensed matter physics and atomic physics. The PI will address fundamental issues in four major areas in quantum gases: (i) strongly interacting Fermi gases, (ii) quantum gases in optical lattices, (iii) quantum gases with internal degrees of freedom, and (iv) fast rotating quantum gases. These projects are directly related to current experiments. At the same time, they explore new directions.The projects on Fermi gases will study universal properties of these systems, and their generalization to non-zero rotations and two dimensions. The goal is to develop new exact relations that will shed light on thermodynamic and transport properties. The projects on lattice quantum gases address two very important issues: how to reduce entropy substantially so as to reach the strongly correlated regime efficiently, and to determine the phase diagram of the system directly from experimental data. The projects of large spin quantum gas will help us uncover new macroscopic quantum phenomena and to explore the intrinsic dipolar effects in these systems. They will help design and engineer special quantum spin states in these systems in the future. The study of fast rotating quantum gases is aimed to realize quantum Hall states in ultra-cold atoms.These projects will provide training for students and postdoctoral researchers in different areas, for example condensed matter physics, atomic physics, and quantum optics. NONTECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research and education at the interface of condensed matter physics and atomic physics. The PI will study new quantum mechanical states of matter exhibited by atoms cooled to very low temperature and trapped, for example by laser light. Rotating gases of ultracold atoms will also be studied. Some states of matter of ultracold atom systems have analogies with electronic states of matter that occur in complex materials and in electrons in a high magnetic field that are confined to two dimensions in semiconducting materials. The synergy among the studies of trapped ultracold atoms and condensed matter systems may lead to more rapid advance on challenging fundamental scientific problems. While ultracold atoms and electronic systems are each interesting in their own right, understanding these systems in each case has the potential to lead to future computing and device technologies. This project also provides opportunities for advanced education and contributes to the highly skilled scientific workforce of the 21st century.