Controls Over Fungal Communities and Consequences for Nutrient Cycling

对真菌群落的控制和养分循环的后果

• 批准号: 0445458
• 负责人: Kathleen Treseder
• 金额: $ 70万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-04-01 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0445458&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Controls; Over; Fungal; Communities; Consequences

Soils harbor an incredible diversity of microbes-- for example, one square meter of Alaskan forest can be inhabited by hundreds of species of fungi, most of which have not yet been named. What controls the diversity of fungi in the soil? Do different species perform different functions? Scientists are interested in unearthing these questions because fungi decompose dead tissues from plants and animals. In doing so, they release CO2 (a greenhouse gas) to the atmosphere. If different species target different components of dead material, a more diverse community of fungi may release more CO2 to the atmosphere. Treseder, Borneman, and Mack will examine the hypotheses that variation in functions of fungal groups and variation in the chemistry of the litter they decompose are both important controls over the diversity of fungi, and that changes in fungal diversity may influence CO2 production. They will use a recently developed DNA technique (nucleotide analogs) to identify the functions of individual groups of fungi found on different types of decomposing leaves in Alaskan forests. They will also establish miniature laboratory ecosystems with varying numbers of fungal groups, and then measure decomposition rates within those ecosystems.The scientific importance of this work will be a better understanding of the processes that occur belowground in ecosystems, and an increased capacity to predict how ecosystems will respond to changes in the environment. The information gained should be useful in determining policy recommendations in the face of global change.

土壤具有令人难以置信的微生物多样性 - 例如，一平方米的阿拉斯加森林可以居住在数百种真菌中，其中大多数尚未命名。是什么控制土壤中真菌的多样性？不同的物种执行不同的功能吗？科学家对发现这些问题感兴趣，因为真菌分解了动植物中的死组织。这样，他们将二氧化碳（温室气）释放到大气中。如果不同的物种靶向死亡材料的不同组成部分，则更多样化的真菌社区可能会将更多的二氧化碳释放到大气中。 Treseder，Borneman和Mack将研究真菌群体功能的变化以及分解垃圾的化学变化的假设都是对真菌多样性的重要控制，而真菌多样性的变化可能会影响CO2的产生。他们将使用最近开发的DNA技术（核苷酸类似物）来识别在阿拉斯加森林中不同类型的分解叶片上发现的单个真菌组的功能。他们还将建立具有不同真菌组的微型实验室生态系统，然后衡量这些生态系统内的分解速率。这项工作的科学重要性将更好地理解生态系统中地下过程的过程，以及预测生态系统将如何对环境中的变化做出反应的增加能力。获得的信息对于面对全球变化的确定政策建议应该很有用。