SGER: Morphological Impacts and Post-Storm Recovery of Hurricanes Charley, Frances, and Ivan, Florida Gulf Coast

在研究人类活动和自然环境过程的性质、原因和后果时，了解障碍岛对极高能量风暴影响的戏剧性形态反应是一个至关重要的问题。障碍岛对风暴影响和风暴后恢复的反应受风暴的强度和特征以及初始形态条件的控制。当堰塞岛的高程低于风暴潮加上海浪抬高时，就会发生溢流。而在没有溢流的地方，净近海输送和形成风暴坝是可能的反应。2,004是佛罗里达州墨西哥湾沿岸飓风袭击的历史性一年，有四次主要飓风袭击。这项研究将量化飓风对佛罗里达州海湾屏障岛屿的形态和沉积学影响。这项研究将在受飓风影响较大的三个地区进行。第一个考察区在卡普蒂瓦岛，那里受到了飓风查理的直接袭击和破坏。第二个研究区位于中西部屏障岛链沿线，受到飓风弗朗西斯、伊万和珍妮的严重影响。第三个研究区位于从沃尔顿堡海滩到圣乔治岛的狭长地带屏障岛链上，伊万直接影响了这一地区。对量化影响至关重要的飓风前数据已在最后两个地点收集。将进行时间序列海滩剖面调查，以量化自然过程中的地形变化和风暴后的恢复。将在堰塞岛沿线和横跨障碍岛进行风暴后沉积学研究，以检查和量化风暴沉积的特征和空间分布。这项研究将有助于建立一个全面的数据库，以量化风暴引起的堰塞岛沿线的地貌和沉积学变化。具体地说，将回答的科学问题包括：1)堰塞岛如何在有和没有被冲刷的情况下对单一和多次风暴影响做出反应并从中恢复？2)人类活动如何影响风暴的影响和恢复？3)风暴沉积的特征和控制其空间分布的因素是什么？4)需要量化的关键参数是什么，以提高我们预测风暴影响和恢复的能力？飓风对海岸地貌和土地开发的影响是广为人知的问题。2004年将被铭记为佛罗里达海岸飓风袭击的历史性一年。佛罗里达州以其美丽的海滩而闻名，主要是沿着障碍岛。这项研究的结果将通过各种媒体渠道传播给较大的沿海社区。这项研究的一个更广泛的目标是提高公众对风暴影响和风暴后恢复的认识和了解。

Understanding the dramatic morphological responses of barrier islands to extremely high-energy storm impact consists of a crucial issue in the investigations into the nature, causes, and consequences of human activity and natural environmental processes. Barrier-island responses to storm impact and post-storm recovery are controlled by the intensity and characteristics of the storm and the initial morphological conditions. Overwash occurs where the barrier-island elevation is lower than the storm surge plus the wave run-up. While at places without overwash, net offshore transport and formation of storm bar is the likely response. Two thousand and four is a historical year for hurricane impacts along the Florida Gulf coast with four major hurricane impacts. This study will quantify the morphological and sedimentological impacts of the hurricanes along the Florida Gulf barrier islands. The study will be conducted at three areas that were significantly impacted by the hurricanes. The first study area is at Captiva Island, which was directly hit and breached by Hurricane Charley. The second study area is located along the west-central barrier-island chain, which was severely impacted by Hurricanes Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne. The third study area is located along the panhandle barrier-island chain from Fort Walton Beach to St. George Island, which was directly impacted by Ivan. Pre-hurricane data, which are crucial for quantifying the impacts, have been collected at the last two locations. Time-series beach-profile surveys will be conducted to quantify morphological changes and post-storm recovery by natural processes. Post-storm sedimentological studies will be conducted along and across the barrier island to examine and quantify the characteristics and spatial distribution of the storm deposits. This study will contribute toward establishing a comprehensive database for quantifying storm-induced morphological and sedimentological changes along barrier islands. Specifically, the scientific questions that will be answered include 1) how does a barrier island respond to, and thereafter recover from, single and multiple storm impacts with and without being washed over? 2) how do human activities influence the storm impact and recovery? 3) what are the characteristics of the storm deposits and what are the factors controlling their spatial distribution? 4) what are the key parameters that need to be quantified to improve our ability to predict storm impact and recovery?Impacts of hurricanes to coastal morphology and land development are much publicized issues. The year 2004 will be remembered as a historical year for hurricane impacts along the Florida coasts. Florida is known for her beautiful beaches, mostly along the barrier islands. The findings of this study will be disseminated to the larger coastal communities through various media channels. A broader goal of this study is to improve the public awareness and understanding of storm impacts and post-storm recovery.