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Analysis of differences in climate niches of the world´s mammals with respect to their phylogenetic positions

分析世界哺乳动物的气候生态位与其系统发育位置的差异

基本信息

批准号：
170886144
负责人：
Professor Dr. Carsten Dormann
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Biometrie und Umweltsystemanalyse
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2009-12-31 至 2014-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/170886144?language=en
关键词：
Analysis differences climate niches world

项目摘要

Predictions of effects of climate change on species distributions assume constant climatic niches. Our current understanding of how climate niches developed through evolution is very limited. This project shall analyse how climate niche of the 5488 mammal species worldwide is related to their phylogenetic position. The hypothesis is that closely related species will also have similar climate niches, indicating climate niche conservation. Based on current distributions and environmental data, we shall quantify the climate niche of each species and compare it to that of its closest relative (sister species). We shall investigate whether climate niche position is similarly phylogenetically constrained as other species traits such as body weight, gestation length or litter size. The huge breadth of mammal ecologies, their highly resolved phylogenetic tree, their high conservation relevance and their relatively well-known geographical distribution make them an ideal study system. In parallel, we shall use data on successful and failed mammal introductions to regions outside their native range to analyse short-term adaptation potential. This will be related to phylogeny as well as species traits, presence of competitors and climate matching of old and new ranges. In the process of this study, new methodological standards for the analysis of niche evolution will be developed, including randomisation tests, virtual species analysis and character tracing of climate niche position. In the end, we shall be able to specify the adaptation potential to climate change for a large number of species studied.

气候变化对物种分布影响的预测假定气候生态位不变。我们目前对气候生态位如何通过进化发展的了解非常有限。该项目将分析全球5488种哺乳动物的气候生态位与它们的系统发育地位之间的关系。这一假设是，密切相关的物种也将拥有类似的气候生态位，这表明气候生态位受到保护。根据目前的分布和环境数据，我们将量化每个物种的气候生态位，并将其与其最接近的近亲(姐妹物种)的生态位进行比较。我们将调查气候生态位位置是否与其他物种特征(如体重、孕长或产仔大小)一样受到系统发育的限制。哺乳动物生态的巨大广度、高度分辨的系统发育树、高度的保护相关性和相对广为人知的地理分布使它们成为一个理想的研究系统。同时，我们将使用成功和失败的哺乳动物引入其原生区域以外地区的数据来分析短期适应潜力。这将与系统发育和物种特征、竞争对手的存在以及新旧范围的气候匹配有关。在这项研究的过程中，将开发新的生态位进化分析方法标准，包括随机性测试、虚拟物种分析和气候生态位位置的特征追踪。最终，我们将能够明确所研究的大量物种对气候变化的适应潜力。