NER: Perovskite Reservoirs for Precious Metal Nanoparticles

摘要提案标题：“NER”贵金属纳米颗粒永久性储库提案编号：CTS-0508455主要研究者： 苏珊娜湖斯科特机构： 加州大学圣巴巴拉分校分析（决策依据）：该项目旨在探索制造贵金属纳米颗粒的新模式。纳米颗粒以分解形式作为分散的金属离子储存在复合氧化物储层中，响应于特定的环境刺激，在储层表面自发地且可逆地产生。当不使用时，它们会恢复到储存的形式，从而大大延长了使用寿命并稳定了颗粒生长。这一现象的理论基础将得到发展，特别注意混合氧化物结构的能力，以稳定贵金属离子，并促进其流动性。将对真实的和假设的结构实施用于处理钙钛矿结构和金属氧化物界面的新密度泛函方法，并且将通过合成和表征材料来实验测试所产生的预测。这些材料的直接应用存在于催化中，其中贵金属纳米颗粒与其块状金属对应物相比具有不寻常的反应性和选择性。尽管这种纳米颗粒可以通过常规方法容易地制备，但它们在反应条件下迅速失去其催化活性。从储层产生和再生纳米颗粒的能力避免了复杂合成的需要，最大化催化剂生产率，催化活性，促进金属回收，并最终防止纳米材料对环境的污染。如果这种现象可以被证明是普遍的，它可能会彻底改变催化领域，减少数量级的贵金属需要实现所需的转换。考虑到它们的价格和稀有性，这种对自然资源的智能利用可以使纳米催化剂在燃料电池等应用中得到广泛采用。 研究和教育的合作计划将在两个机构进行。 一个创新的宾夕法尼亚科学教师研究所将参与，夏季研讨会将是加州纳米系统研究所的K-12计划的一部分。

AbstractProposal Title: "NER" Perovskite Reservoirs for Precious Metal NanoparticlesProposal Number: CTS-0508455Principal Investigator: Susannah L. ScottInstitution: University of California - Santa BarbaraAnalysis (rationale for decision):The project is designed to explore a new paradigm for manufacturing precious metal nanoparticles. Stored in disassembled form as dispersed metal ions in a complex oxide reservoir, the nanoparticles are generated spontaneously and reversibly at the surface of the reservoir in response to a specific environmental stimulus. When not in use, they revert to the stored form, which results in dramatically prolonged lifetimes and stabilization against particle growth. The theoretical basis for this phenomenon will be developed, paying particular attention to the ability of mixed oxide structures to stabilize precious metal ions and to promote their mobility. New density functional methods for treating perovskite structures and metal-oxide interfaces will be implemented for both real and hypothetical structures, and the resulting predictions will be tested experimentally by synthesizing and characterizing materials. An immediate application for these materials exists in catalysis, where nanoparticles of precious metals possess unusual reactivity and selectivity compared to their bulk metal counterparts. Although such nanoparticles can be readily prepared by conventional methods, they rapidly lose their catalytic activity under reaction conditions. The ability to generate and regenerate nanoparticles from a reservoir avoids the need for complex syntheses, maximizes catalyst productivity, prolongs activity, facilitates metal recovery, and ultimately prevents environmental contamination by the nanomaterials. If the phenomenon can be shown to be general, it could revolutionize the field of catalysis, decreasing by orders of magnitude the amounts of precious metal required to achieve desired transformations. Given their expense and rarity, this intelligent use of a natural resource could enable widespread adoption of nanocatalysts in applications such as fuel cells. A collaborative program of research and education will be performed at two institutions. An innovative Pennsylvania Science Teachers Institute will be involved, and a summer workshop will be part of the California Nanosystems Institute's K-12 program.