NER: Perovskite Reservoirs for Precious Metal Nanoparticles

摘要提案题目：“NER”贵金属纳米颗粒钙钛矿储层提案号：cts -0508455首席研究员：Susannah L. scott机构：加州大学圣巴巴拉分校分析（决策理由）：该项目旨在探索制造贵金属纳米颗粒的新范例。纳米颗粒以分解的形式作为分散的金属离子储存在复杂的氧化物储层中，在特定的环境刺激下，纳米颗粒在储层表面自发可逆地产生。当不使用时，它们会恢复到存储形式，从而显着延长使用寿命并稳定颗粒生长。将发展这一现象的理论基础，特别注意混合氧化物结构稳定贵金属离子和促进其迁移的能力。处理钙钛矿结构和金属-氧化物界面的新密度泛函方法将在真实和假设的结构中实施，所得预测将通过合成和表征材料进行实验测试。这些材料的直接应用存在于催化中，贵金属纳米颗粒与它们的大块金属对应物相比具有不同寻常的反应性和选择性。虽然这种纳米颗粒可以很容易地用常规方法制备，但它们在反应条件下很快失去催化活性。从储层中生成和再生纳米颗粒的能力避免了复杂的合成，最大限度地提高了催化剂的生产率，延长了活性，促进了金属的回收，并最终防止了纳米材料对环境的污染。如果这种现象能被证明是普遍的，它可能会彻底改变催化领域，以数量级减少实现所需转化所需的贵金属数量。考虑到它们的昂贵和稀缺性，这种对自然资源的智能利用可以使纳米催化剂在燃料电池等应用中得到广泛采用。一个研究和教育的合作项目将在两个机构进行。一个创新的宾夕法尼亚科学教师研究所将参与其中，一个夏季研讨会将成为加州纳米系统研究所K-12计划的一部分。

AbstractProposal Title: "NER" Perovskite Reservoirs for Precious Metal NanoparticlesProposal Number: CTS-0508455Principal Investigator: Susannah L. ScottInstitution: University of California - Santa BarbaraAnalysis (rationale for decision):The project is designed to explore a new paradigm for manufacturing precious metal nanoparticles. Stored in disassembled form as dispersed metal ions in a complex oxide reservoir, the nanoparticles are generated spontaneously and reversibly at the surface of the reservoir in response to a specific environmental stimulus. When not in use, they revert to the stored form, which results in dramatically prolonged lifetimes and stabilization against particle growth. The theoretical basis for this phenomenon will be developed, paying particular attention to the ability of mixed oxide structures to stabilize precious metal ions and to promote their mobility. New density functional methods for treating perovskite structures and metal-oxide interfaces will be implemented for both real and hypothetical structures, and the resulting predictions will be tested experimentally by synthesizing and characterizing materials. An immediate application for these materials exists in catalysis, where nanoparticles of precious metals possess unusual reactivity and selectivity compared to their bulk metal counterparts. Although such nanoparticles can be readily prepared by conventional methods, they rapidly lose their catalytic activity under reaction conditions. The ability to generate and regenerate nanoparticles from a reservoir avoids the need for complex syntheses, maximizes catalyst productivity, prolongs activity, facilitates metal recovery, and ultimately prevents environmental contamination by the nanomaterials. If the phenomenon can be shown to be general, it could revolutionize the field of catalysis, decreasing by orders of magnitude the amounts of precious metal required to achieve desired transformations. Given their expense and rarity, this intelligent use of a natural resource could enable widespread adoption of nanocatalysts in applications such as fuel cells. A collaborative program of research and education will be performed at two institutions. An innovative Pennsylvania Science Teachers Institute will be involved, and a summer workshop will be part of the California Nanosystems Institute's K-12 program.