Laboratory Studies of Spontaneous Earthquake Ruptures: Influence of Inhomogeneities

自发地震破裂的实验室研究：不均匀性的影响

• 批准号: 0538307
• 负责人: Ares Rosakis
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-01-15 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0538307&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Laboratory; Studies; Spontaneous; Earthquake; Ruptures

Recognizing the differences and similarities in approach between traditional engineeringFracture Mechanics and Seismology, this project describes an interdisciplinary program on "Experimental Seismology". This project utilizes advanced diagnostic methods, some of them developed through previous research funding, to study basic physical phenomena governing fault rupture. It aims to address some of the outstanding problems in Seismology pertaining to the influence of driving stress, fault strength and fault geometry inhomogeneities on the rupture process. The researchers also intend to strengthen the connection between laboratory observations and complex natural earthquakes which often occur in the presence of such inhomogeneities. The interdisciplinary nature of this research necessarily involves assigning priorities to the many goals within individual disciplines. In particular, two main characteristics are reflected in the design of the experiments. Firstly, the experimental design is intended to be as relevant as possible to the geophysical systems that they model. Secondly, the design is kept as basic as possible so that real-time data collection and analyses can produce, unequivocal, understanding regarding the phenomena under scrutiny. Typically, localized rupture conditions along earthquake faults are inferred from wave disturbances recorded at locations remote from the hypocenter. However, inversion of seismographic data is no substitute for direct in-situ observation on the rupture process. With the exception of the researchers recent work, and a few other isolated cases, mostly numerical and analytical models of fault behavior exist. This investigation may help resolve many controversies that exist in earthquake dynamics. In addition, it is expected that the proposed research program will result in the identification of new, exciting, and perhaps unexpected physical phenomena.

认识到传统工程断裂力学和地震学方法的差异和相似之处，本项目描述了一个跨学科的“实验地震学”项目。该项目利用先进的诊断方法，其中一些是通过以前的研究基金开发的，以研究控制断层破裂的基本物理现象。它的目的是解决一些突出的问题，在地震有关的影响，驱动应力，断层强度和断层几何形状的不均匀性的破裂过程。研究人员还打算加强实验室观测与复杂的自然地震之间的联系，这些地震经常发生在这种不均匀性的存在下。这项研究的跨学科性质必然涉及到在各个学科内为许多目标分配优先级。特别是，两个主要特点反映在实验的设计。首先，实验设计的目的是尽可能相关的地球物理系统，他们的模型。第二，设计尽可能保持基本，以便实时数据收集和分析可以对正在审查的现象产生明确的理解。通常情况下，局部破裂条件沿着地震断层推断波扰动记录在远离震源的位置。然而，地震资料的反演并不能代替对破裂过程的直接现场观测。除了研究人员最近的工作，以及其他一些孤立的情况下，大多数故障行为的数值和分析模型存在。这项研究可能有助于解决地震动力学中存在的许多争议。此外，预计拟议的研究计划将导致新的，令人兴奋的，也许是意想不到的物理现象的识别。