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Psychobiology of human aggression and violence

人类攻击和暴力的心理生物学

基本信息

批准号：
175998462
负责人：
Professor Dr. Thomas Elbert
金额：
--
依托单位：
Arbeitsgruppe Klinische Psychologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Reinhart Koselleck Projects
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2009-12-31 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/175998462?language=en
关键词：
Psychobiology human aggression violence

项目摘要

Savagery and violence is omnipresent among young men of all cultures. Conflict regions and failed states are characterized by reoccurring cycles of violence. Instrumental aggression aiming for personal and social power, for dominance, and for acquisition of material resources, has been frequently cited as cause. We suggest that a biological preparedness for hunting behaviour is another essential driving force. Hunting is fascinating and attractive, a desire that makes temporary deprivation from physical needs, pain, sweat, blood, and, ultimately, the willingness to kill tolerable and even appetitive. We postulate that higher regulatory systems, such as frontal lobe based executive functions, prevent the involuntary derailment of hunting behaviour. If this control – such as in child soldiers for example – is not learned, then brutality towards humans remains fascinating and appealing. Blood must flow in order to kill. It is hence an appetitive cue as is the struggling of the victim. Hunting for men, more rarely for women, is fascinating and emotionally arousing with the parallel release of testosterone, serotonin, and endorphins, which can produce feelings of euphoria and alleviate pain. Children learn which conditions legitimate aggressive behaviour and which not. This may explain the fascination with gladiatorial combat, violent computer games but as well ritualized forms like football.

野蛮和暴力在所有文化的年轻人中无处不在。冲突地区和失败国家的特点是反复出现的暴力循环。旨在获得个人和社会权力、支配地位和获取物质资源的工具性侵略经常被认为是原因。我们认为，狩猎行为的生物准备是另一个重要的驱动力。狩猎是迷人的和有吸引力的，一种欲望，使暂时剥夺身体需要，痛苦，汗水，血液，并最终愿意杀死容忍，甚至食欲。我们假设，更高的监管系统，如额叶为基础的执行功能，防止狩猎行为的非自愿出轨。如果这种控制--例如在儿童兵中--不是后天习得的，那么对人类的残暴仍然是迷人和吸引人的。为了杀人必须流血。因此，这是一个食欲线索，因为是受害者的挣扎。猎取男人（很少猎取女人）是一件迷人的事，同时也会释放睾丸激素、血清素和内啡肽，从而产生欣快感并减轻疼痛。孩子们学习哪些情况下攻击行为是合法的，哪些不是。这也许可以解释人们对角斗士战斗、暴力电脑游戏以及像足球这样的仪式化形式的迷恋。