Ceramic Production, Communities of Practice, and Identity: An Examination of Culture Contact in Spanish California

在Judith Habicht-Mauche博士的监督下，Sarah Ginn将分析在使命时期（1769-1834）生产的加利福尼亚当地生产的陶瓷。殖民时期的加利福尼亚是西班牙人、克里奥洛人、混血儿、墨裔印第安人、墨西哥印第安人和下加利福尼亚印第安人与加利福尼亚非常多样化的土著民族互动的地方。先前的研究认为，加利福尼亚的土著居民要么被西班牙人的生活方式所同化，要么通过对土著文化的静态维护来抵制西班牙人的生活方式。这些模型假设文化接触只发生在同质的欧洲人和土著民族群体之间，而排除了对其他类型的文化接触的讨论，比如加利福尼亚印第安人和墨西哥印第安定居者之间的文化接触。这项研究将从考古学上检验这样一种假设，即殖民地加利福尼亚的土著身份是异质的，其结构更多地取决于它跨越西班牙人和印第安人边界的方式，而不仅仅是印第安人对西班牙文化的接受或抵制。当地生产的陶瓷提供了一个独特的窗口，通过这个窗口，不同民族的人可以作为一个互动的过程来讨论。传教陶器（Missionware pottery）是加州传教时期边疆地区生产的一种实用陶器。所有参与加州殖民生活的人都有无意识的和公开的文化规则，关于容器，无论是罐子还是篮子，如何在风格上生产。这些多种技术风格以具有社会意义的方式影响了加利福尼亚传教用品的生产。据推测，正式的、有图案的变化存在于加利福尼亚殖民地的人们制作传教器皿的方式中。参与不同社会群体实践的行动者创造了这种模式。这项研究将考察这些社区生产、复制和交叉切割殖民地加利福尼亚的土著人和殖民者的多民族传统的方式。这些数据将有助于理解这些行为者如何在与这些实践社区的关系中构建身份。这个项目的智力价值超越了这个单一地区的边界。从佛罗里达到秘鲁，在大多数新世界的文化接触地点都发现了未经加工的陶器。这是本研究的目标，介绍一个创造性的方法，以研究人员的不同群体谁遇到这种无处不在的陶瓷跨越文化接触地点。这项研究对现代土著社区产生了更广泛的影响。它有可能重建历史悠久的加州群体之间复杂的相互作用，并为诸如民族起源和群体认同等问题提供信息。该项目的结果将通过在各科学学会的报告向科学界通报，并提交在同行评议的人类学期刊上发表。此外，加州大学圣克鲁兹分校的初级PI和本科生助理都将接受陶瓷分析方法的培训。

Under the supervision of Dr. Judith Habicht-Mauche, Sarah Ginn will analyze locally produced ceramics from California manufactured during the Mission Period (1769-1834). Colonial California was a place where Spaniards, criollos, mestizos, mullatos, Mexican Indians, and Baja California Indians interacted with California's very diverse group of indigenous peoples. Previous studies have argued that California's indigenous peoples were either acculturated into Spanish life ways or resisted Spanish life ways through the static maintenance of indigenous culture. These models assume culture contact occurred exclusively between homogeneous groups of European and Indigenous peoples and exclude discussion of other sorts of culture contacts such as those among California Indians and Mexican Indian settlers. This research will archaeologically test the hypothesis that indigenous identity in colonial California was heterogeneous and structured more by the ways in which it cross-cut boundaries of Spanis and Nativ rather than solely by a Native acceptance of or resistance to Spanis culture. Locally produced ceramics offer a unique window through which the articulation of ethnically diverse peoples can be discussed as a process of interaction. Missionware pottery is a utilitarian earthenware produced in this frontier region during the California Mission Period. All actors participating in California colonial life had unconscious and overt cultural rules concerning how vessels, be they pots or baskets, were to be stylistically produced. These multiple technological styles influenced the production of Missionwares in California in ways that have social significance. It is hypothesized that formal, patterned variations exist in the way in which people of colonial California made Missionwares. Actors participating in the practices of different social communities create such patterning. This research will examine the ways these communities produced, reproduced, and cross-cut the multiethnic traditions of colonial California's native peoples and colonists. Such data will be useful in understanding how these actors constructed identities in relationship to those communities of practice.The intellectual merit of this project extends beyond the boundaries of this single region. Unrefined earthenwares are uncovered at most New World sites of culture contact from Florida to Peru. It is the goal of this research to introduce a creative methodology to the diverse group of researchers who encounter this ubiquitous ceramic ware across sites of culture contact. This research has broader impacts within modern indigenous communities. It has the potential to reconstruct complex interactions among historic California groups and inform on issues such as ethnogenesis and group identity. Results of this project will be communicated to the scientific community through presentations at various scientific societies and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed anthropological journals. Furthermore, both the junior PI as well as undergraduate assistants from UC Santa Cruz will receive training in methods of ceramic analysis.