Ceramic Production, Communities of Practice, and Identity: An Examination of Culture Contact in Spanish California

在Judith Habicht-Mauche博士的监督下，Sarah Ginn将分析在传教期间(1769-1834年)从加州当地生产的陶瓷。殖民时期的加州是西班牙人、克里奥洛人、混血儿、毛拉托人、墨西哥印第安人和下加利福尼亚印第安人与加州非常多样化的土著民族互动的地方。以前的研究认为，加州的土著人民要么已经适应了西班牙的生活方式，要么通过静态地保持土著文化来抵制西班牙的生活方式。这些模型假定文化接触只发生在欧洲和土著民族的同质群体之间，而排除了对其他类型的文化接触的讨论，例如加州印第安人和墨西哥印第安人定居者之间的文化接触。这项研究将从考古角度检验这一假设，即殖民地加州的土著身份是不同的，更多地是通过跨越西班牙人和土著人民的边界的方式构建的，而不是仅仅通过土著人民对西班牙文化的接受或抵制来构建。当地生产的陶瓷提供了一个独特的窗口，通过这个窗口，可以将不同种族人民的表达作为一种互动过程进行讨论。传教士陶器是加州传教时期在这个边疆地区生产的一种实用陶器。所有参与加州殖民生活的演员都有无意识和公开的文化规则，关于如何制作器皿，无论是罐子还是篮子。这些多样化的技术风格以具有社会意义的方式影响了加州传教士的生产。据推测，正式的、有图案的变化存在于殖民地加州人制造传教士的方式中。参与不同社会社区实践的演员创造了这样的模式。这项研究将考察这些社区产生、复制和交叉传播殖民时期加州原住民和殖民者的多民族传统的方式。这些数据将有助于理解这些行为者如何建立与这些实践社区的关系的身份。这个项目的智力价值超出了这个单一区域的边界。在从佛罗里达到秘鲁的大多数新大陆文化接触地都发现了未经精炼的陶器。这项研究的目标是向不同的研究人员介绍一种创造性的方法，他们在不同的文化接触地点遇到这种无处不在的陶器。这项研究在现代土著社区中产生了更广泛的影响。它有可能重建加州历史群体之间的复杂互动，并就民族起源和群体认同等问题提供信息。该项目的成果将通过在各科学学会上的介绍向科学界通报，并提交同行评议的人类学期刊发表。此外，加州大学圣克鲁斯分校的初级PI和本科生助理都将接受陶瓷分析方法的培训。

Under the supervision of Dr. Judith Habicht-Mauche, Sarah Ginn will analyze locally produced ceramics from California manufactured during the Mission Period (1769-1834). Colonial California was a place where Spaniards, criollos, mestizos, mullatos, Mexican Indians, and Baja California Indians interacted with California's very diverse group of indigenous peoples. Previous studies have argued that California's indigenous peoples were either acculturated into Spanish life ways or resisted Spanish life ways through the static maintenance of indigenous culture. These models assume culture contact occurred exclusively between homogeneous groups of European and Indigenous peoples and exclude discussion of other sorts of culture contacts such as those among California Indians and Mexican Indian settlers. This research will archaeologically test the hypothesis that indigenous identity in colonial California was heterogeneous and structured more by the ways in which it cross-cut boundaries of Spanis and Nativ rather than solely by a Native acceptance of or resistance to Spanis culture. Locally produced ceramics offer a unique window through which the articulation of ethnically diverse peoples can be discussed as a process of interaction. Missionware pottery is a utilitarian earthenware produced in this frontier region during the California Mission Period. All actors participating in California colonial life had unconscious and overt cultural rules concerning how vessels, be they pots or baskets, were to be stylistically produced. These multiple technological styles influenced the production of Missionwares in California in ways that have social significance. It is hypothesized that formal, patterned variations exist in the way in which people of colonial California made Missionwares. Actors participating in the practices of different social communities create such patterning. This research will examine the ways these communities produced, reproduced, and cross-cut the multiethnic traditions of colonial California's native peoples and colonists. Such data will be useful in understanding how these actors constructed identities in relationship to those communities of practice.The intellectual merit of this project extends beyond the boundaries of this single region. Unrefined earthenwares are uncovered at most New World sites of culture contact from Florida to Peru. It is the goal of this research to introduce a creative methodology to the diverse group of researchers who encounter this ubiquitous ceramic ware across sites of culture contact. This research has broader impacts within modern indigenous communities. It has the potential to reconstruct complex interactions among historic California groups and inform on issues such as ethnogenesis and group identity. Results of this project will be communicated to the scientific community through presentations at various scientific societies and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed anthropological journals. Furthermore, both the junior PI as well as undergraduate assistants from UC Santa Cruz will receive training in methods of ceramic analysis.