Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Trace Element Analysis as a Guide to Exchange

加州大学圣克鲁斯分校的丹妮尔·l·达迪亚戈（Danielle L. Dadiego）将进行一项研究，研究西班牙经济制度在边境地区的有效性。最近的研究阐明了土著群体为应对西班牙殖民主义而采取的各种行动，从与西班牙结盟以获得军事支持到在市场经济中清除楔子。目前的工作考虑了跨文化、土著代理、持久性和自主性的问题；然而，这些考试的重点是家庭或地方经济的规模，既没有将本地代理人置于更大的经济网络中，也没有考虑西班牙和其他欧洲行动者在殖民经济背景下的代理。佛罗里达州的彭萨科拉殖民地为研究单一的贸易政策如何与经济现实相结合提供了一个理想的舞台，但这种情况并不独特。在世界各地，无论是过去还是现在，个人、团体和机构都在全球市场和国家贸易政策的框架内创新和即兴发挥。了解这一过程在过去是如何发生的，可以更好地理解当地的人们如何在全球联系的经济中度过日常生活。Danielle L. Dadiego利用激光烧蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）和酸溶解技术，将档案研究、传统文物分析、玻璃珠和铅弹的化学成分和同位素分析结合起来，研究殖民地和土著人民在破坏或促进殖民地经济制度方面所起的作用。玻璃珠在殖民时期的遗址中随处可见，是欧洲人常用的贸易物品，最重要的是，它是当地思想世界中具有社会意义的物品。铅弹同样无处不在；然而，它被认为是一个普通的功能项目。虽然铅弹和单色玻璃珠广泛地从遗址中回收，但缺乏诊断性的物理或风格特征，无法促进对生产、分布和使用模式的解释。方法论技术的创新，包括LA-ICP-MS，允许使用以前被忽视的人工制品类别来追踪商品在整个景观中的分布。这些化学方法与对历史文献的仔细研究相结合，提供了货物如何在殖民地和土著社区中流动的证据，强调了定居者和土著之间经济机构的重要性，即使这些做法挑战了重商主义的理想化模式和殖民政府法规。上述数据集的组合将提供证据，证明西班牙人如何与根据西班牙贸易法规被视为非法的土著交换系统作出反应或相互作用。传统的考古方法将西班牙经济体系等同于佛罗里达殖民地经济的主导力量，并将当地或经济机构视为非法或非正式的。此外，确定化学配方和确定组成群体来阐明人们在殖民期间做出的经济选择，是一种刚刚开始获得动力的新方法。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Danielle L. Dadiego, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, will undertake research to study the effectiveness of Spanish economic institutions in a borderland region. Recent studies have illuminated the diverse actions that native groups enacted in response to Spanish colonialism ranging from allying with the Spanish for military support to cleaving out a wedge in the market economy. Current work has considered issues of transculturation, indigenous agency, persistence, and autonomy; however, these examinations focus on the scale of the household or local economy, and neither place native agents within a larger economic network, nor do they consider the agency of Spanish and other European actors in the context of a colonial economy. Colonial Pensacola, Florida provides an ideal stage to examine how monolithic trade policies intersect with economic reality, but this context is not unique. All over the world, past and present, individuals, groups, and institutions innovate and improvise within and against the global market and national trade policies. Understanding how this process played out in the past can lead to a better understanding of how people in local contexts navigate their daily lives within a globally connected economy.Danielle L. Dadiego combines archival research, traditional artifact analysis, and chemical composition and isotopic analysis of glass beads and lead shot using Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and acid dissolution to study the role that both colonial and native people played in disrupting or contributing to colonial economic institutions. Glass beads are ubiquitous on colonial period sites, common trade items for Europeans, and, most importantly, socially charged items within native thought-worlds. Lead shot is equally ubiquitous; however, it is considered a mundanely functional item. Although broadly recovered from sites, lead shot and monochrome glass beads lack diagnostic physical or stylistic characteristics that would facilitate interpretations of production, distribution, and use patterns. Innovations in methodological techniques, including LA-ICP-MS, allow the use of formerly ignored artifact categories to trace the distribution of goods across the landscape. These chemical methods are used in conjunction with a close examination of historical documents to provide evidence of how goods moved through colonial and indigenous communities, foregrounding the importance of economic agency among settlers and natives, even when these practices challenged idealized models of mercantilism and colonial government regulations. The combination of the datasets described above will provide evidence of how the Spanish reacted or interacted with indigenous exchange systems that were considered illicit based on Spanish trade regulations. Traditional archaeological approaches have equated the Spanish economic system as a dominant force in the colonial economy of Florida, as well as subsumed local or economic agency as illicit or informal. Moreover, determining chemical recipes and identifying compositional groups to illuminate economical choices people made during colonization is a new approach that only just begun to gain momentum.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.