Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Trace Element Analysis as a Guide to Exchange

加州大学圣克鲁斯分校的丹妮尔·L·达迪戈(Danielle L.Dadiego)将开展研究，研究西班牙经济机构在边境地区的有效性。最近的研究揭示了土著群体为回应西班牙殖民主义而采取的各种行动，从与西班牙人结盟以获得军事支持，到在市场经济中分裂出去。目前的工作考虑了跨文化、土著机构、持久性和自主性等问题；然而，这些审查侧重于家庭或地方经济的规模，既没有将土著代理人置于更大的经济网络中，也没有考虑殖民经济背景下西班牙和其他欧洲行为者的机构。佛罗里达州的殖民地彭萨科拉提供了一个理想的舞台，来审视铁板一块的贸易政策如何与经济现实交织在一起，但这种背景并不是唯一的。在世界各地，无论是过去还是现在，个人、团体和机构都在全球市场和国家贸易政策中进行创新和即兴发挥。了解这一过程过去是如何发生的，可以更好地理解人们在全球互联经济中如何在当地背景下驾驭他们的日常生活。Danielle L.Dadiego结合了档案研究、传统文物分析以及使用激光烧蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)和酸溶解对玻璃珠和铅丸进行的化学成分和同位素分析，以研究殖民地和土著人民在扰乱或促成殖民经济制度方面所发挥的作用。玻璃珠子在殖民时期的遗址上随处可见，是欧洲人常见的贸易物品，最重要的是，在本土思想世界中，它是充满社会色彩的物品。铅弹同样无处不在；然而，它被认为是一种普通的功能物品。虽然广泛地从现场发现，但铅丸和单色玻璃珠缺乏有助于解释生产、分配和使用模式的诊断性物理或风格特征。方法技术的创新，包括LA-ICP-MS，允许使用以前被忽视的人工制品类别来追踪商品在整个景观中的分布。这些化学方法与对历史文件的仔细研究结合使用，以提供货物如何通过殖民和土著社区的证据，突出了经济代理在定居者和土著中的重要性，即使这些做法挑战了理想化的重商主义模式和殖民地政府的监管。上述数据集的组合将提供证据，说明西班牙人如何应对或与根据西班牙贸易条例被视为非法的本土交易所系统进行互动。传统的考古学方法将西班牙的经济体系等同于佛罗里达州殖民经济中的主导力量，并将地方或经济机构归类为非法或非正式的。此外，确定化学配方和确定组成基团以阐明人们在殖民期间做出的经济选择是一种刚刚开始获得势头的新方法。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Danielle L. Dadiego, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, will undertake research to study the effectiveness of Spanish economic institutions in a borderland region. Recent studies have illuminated the diverse actions that native groups enacted in response to Spanish colonialism ranging from allying with the Spanish for military support to cleaving out a wedge in the market economy. Current work has considered issues of transculturation, indigenous agency, persistence, and autonomy; however, these examinations focus on the scale of the household or local economy, and neither place native agents within a larger economic network, nor do they consider the agency of Spanish and other European actors in the context of a colonial economy. Colonial Pensacola, Florida provides an ideal stage to examine how monolithic trade policies intersect with economic reality, but this context is not unique. All over the world, past and present, individuals, groups, and institutions innovate and improvise within and against the global market and national trade policies. Understanding how this process played out in the past can lead to a better understanding of how people in local contexts navigate their daily lives within a globally connected economy.Danielle L. Dadiego combines archival research, traditional artifact analysis, and chemical composition and isotopic analysis of glass beads and lead shot using Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and acid dissolution to study the role that both colonial and native people played in disrupting or contributing to colonial economic institutions. Glass beads are ubiquitous on colonial period sites, common trade items for Europeans, and, most importantly, socially charged items within native thought-worlds. Lead shot is equally ubiquitous; however, it is considered a mundanely functional item. Although broadly recovered from sites, lead shot and monochrome glass beads lack diagnostic physical or stylistic characteristics that would facilitate interpretations of production, distribution, and use patterns. Innovations in methodological techniques, including LA-ICP-MS, allow the use of formerly ignored artifact categories to trace the distribution of goods across the landscape. These chemical methods are used in conjunction with a close examination of historical documents to provide evidence of how goods moved through colonial and indigenous communities, foregrounding the importance of economic agency among settlers and natives, even when these practices challenged idealized models of mercantilism and colonial government regulations. The combination of the datasets described above will provide evidence of how the Spanish reacted or interacted with indigenous exchange systems that were considered illicit based on Spanish trade regulations. Traditional archaeological approaches have equated the Spanish economic system as a dominant force in the colonial economy of Florida, as well as subsumed local or economic agency as illicit or informal. Moreover, determining chemical recipes and identifying compositional groups to illuminate economical choices people made during colonization is a new approach that only just begun to gain momentum.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.