Collaborative Research: Analytic Approaches To Tracing Interaction Networks In The US Southwest

博士之间的合作。加州大学圣克鲁斯分校的Judith Habicht-Mauche和华盛顿州立大学的Andrew Duff研究了陶瓷技术实践和资源利用，以探索新兴的社会网络如何增强信息、物质和西南地区接触前的人员流动，以今天仍然具有相关性的方式改变社区和身份。普韦布洛四世时期（公元1275-1400年）的特点是一系列的人口剧变，导致了社会格局的彻底重构。长期被占领和人口密集地区的人口减少引发了移徙，导致地方社区和区域社会网络的流离失所和重组。在大量新人口涌入的地区，来自不同种族、语言和文化背景的人聚集在一起，重塑了他们的社会世界。一方面，普韦布洛四世时期似乎是普韦布洛历史上的一个独特事件，它导致了许多社会形态和文化身份，这些社会形态和文化身份是西南地区与欧洲人接触时的特征，并且在很大程度上一直持续到今天。另一方面，这只是人口重组和社会谈判周期中的一个时刻，这是普韦布洛社会从农业乡村生活开始以来的特征。普韦布洛四世时期重组的本质，既使其在历史和结构上独一无二，又将其与西南地区的运动和文化变化周期联系起来，仍然是一个至关重要的话题，也是人类学研究的主题。调查这一时期的考古学家对追踪移民人口，了解移民如何与当地群体合并形成多民族社区，对新社会身份如何协商和维持进行建模，记录新的社会制度和仪式实践的出现，以及了解新兴的领导和权力系统感兴趣。本项目收集的数据将确定陶瓷技术创新和知识转移的区域内和区域间轨迹，阐明过去和现在人口之间微妙而复杂的相互联系。这些联系追踪了人们的接触和流动，这对当代美洲原住民群体和公共政策都有影响。Habicht-Mauche和Duff将利用各种分析技术来描述当地的“配方”和原料来源，这些原料用于在亚利桑那州中东部和新墨西哥州中西部的普韦布洛四世时期遗址制作陶器的釉漆。该项目将使用LA-ICP-MS对釉漆成分进行化学表征，并使用溶解ICP-MS对釉漆中的铅进行同位素源分析。这些数据将与其他现有的区域釉漆数据库相结合。写作和来源之间的关系将使用社会网络分析进行评估。因此，该项目的数据将有助于建立宏观区域模型，说明接触前的社会网络如何促进技术信息和材料的交流，创造和维持移民走廊，并成为改变普韦布洛社会的社会再生产场所。该项目将加强对西南地区土著人民文化历史的了解，同时也为移民人类学和技术人类学的研究做出更广泛的智力贡献。

This collaboration between Drs. Judith Habicht-Mauche at University of California, Santa Cruz and Andrew Duff at Washington State University examines ceramic technological practices and resource use to explore how emergent social networks enhanced the flow of information, material and people in the late precontact Southwest, transforming communities and identities in ways that continue to have relevance today. The Pueblo IV period (A.D. 1275-1400) was marked by a series of demographic upheavals that resulted in the formation of radically reconfigured social landscapes. The depopulation of long-occupied and densely settled regions instigated migrations that led to the displacement and reorganization of local communities and regional social networks. In areas that received a significant influx of new population, people from diverse ethnic, linguistic and cultural backgrounds came together to remake their social worlds. On the one hand, the Pueblo IV period appears to be a unique event in Pueblo history that led to many of the social formations and cultural identities that characterized the Southwest at European contact and that have largely endured to the present day. On the other hand, it is only one moment in a cycle of demographic reorganization and social negotiation that has characterized Pueblo societies from the beginnings of agricultural village life. The nature of Pueblo IV period reorganization,both what made it historically and structurally unique and what linked it to cycles of movement and culture change in the Southwest,remains a topic of central importance and anthropological inquiry. Archaeologists investigating this time period are interested in tracing migrant populations, in understanding how migrants merged with local groups to form multi-ethnic communities, in modeling how new social identities were negotiated and sustained, in documenting the emergence of novel social institutions and ritual practices and in understanding emergent systems of leadership and power. Data collected during this project will identify intra- and inter-regional trajectories of ceramic technological innovation and transfers of knowledge that illuminate subtle and complex interconnections among past and present populations. These connections trace both contact and movement of people, which have implications for contemporary Native American groups and public policy.Habicht-Mauche and Duff will mobilize a variety of analytical techniques to characterize local "recipes" and sources of raw materials used to prepare glaze paints on pottery manufactured at Pueblo IV period sites in east-central Arizona and west-central New Mexico. The project will chemically characterize glaze-paint composition using LA-ICP-MS and isotopically source lead in glaze paint using dissolution ICP-MS. These data will be integrated with other extant regional glaze-paint databases. Relationships among composition and source will be evaluated using Social Network Analysis. Thus, data from this project will contribute to emerging macroregional models of how late precontact social networks facilitated the exchange of technical information and materials, created and sustained migration corridors, and served as arenas of social reproduction that transformed Pueblo society. This project will enhance understanding of the cultural history of the Native peoples of the Southwest, while also making broader intellectual contributions to anthropological studies of migration and the anthropology of technology.