Collaborative Research: Analytic Approaches To Tracing Interaction Networks In The US Southwest

加州大学圣克鲁斯分校的Judith Habicht-Mauche博士和华盛顿州立大学的Andrew Duff博士的这项合作研究了陶瓷技术实践和资源使用，以探索新兴社交网络如何在接触前的西南部晚期加强信息、材料和人员的流动，以至今仍有意义的方式改变社区和身份。普韦布洛四世时期(公元1275-1400年)以一系列人口剧变为标志，这些剧变导致了彻底重新配置的社会格局的形成。长期占领和人口密集的地区的人口减少引发了移徙，导致当地社区和区域社会网络的流离失所和重组。在新人口大量涌入的地区，来自不同种族、语言和文化背景的人聚集在一起，重塑了他们的社会世界。一方面，普韦布洛四世时期似乎是普韦布洛历史上的一个独特事件，导致了西南部与欧洲接触时的许多社会形态和文化特征，这些特征在很大程度上延续到了今天。另一方面，这只是人口重组和社会谈判周期中的一个时刻，从农业村庄生活的开始就成为普韦布洛社会的特征。普韦布洛四期重组的性质，无论是什么使它在历史和结构上独一无二，以及是什么将它与西南地区的运动和文化变化周期联系在一起，仍然是一个具有核心重要性和人类学研究的话题。研究这一时期的考古学家感兴趣的是追踪移民人口，了解移民如何与当地群体合并形成多民族社区，模拟新的社会身份是如何谈判和维持的，记录新的社会机构和仪式实践的出现，以及理解新兴的领导和权力制度。在该项目期间收集的数据将确定陶瓷技术创新和知识转让的区域内和区域间轨迹，以揭示过去和现在人口之间微妙和复杂的相互联系。这些联系追溯了人们的接触和流动，这对当代美国原住民群体和公共政策具有影响。Habicht-Mauche和Duff将动员各种分析技术来表征当地的“食谱”和原材料来源，这些材料用于在亚利桑那州中东部和新墨西哥州中西部的Pueblo IV时期遗址生产的陶器上制备釉彩。该项目将使用LA-ICPMS对釉面涂料的组成进行化学表征，并使用溶解ICPMS对釉面涂料中的铅进行同位素来源。这些数据将与其他现有的地区性釉彩数据库相结合。将使用社会网络分析来评估组成和来源之间的关系。因此，来自该项目的数据将有助于建立新的宏观区域模型，了解接触前社交网络如何促进技术信息和材料的交流，创建和维持移徙走廊，并成为改变普韦布洛社会的社会再生产的场所。该项目将加强对西南土著人民文化史的了解，同时也为移民人类学研究和技术人类学作出更广泛的智力贡献。

This collaboration between Drs. Judith Habicht-Mauche at University of California, Santa Cruz and Andrew Duff at Washington State University examines ceramic technological practices and resource use to explore how emergent social networks enhanced the flow of information, material and people in the late precontact Southwest, transforming communities and identities in ways that continue to have relevance today. The Pueblo IV period (A.D. 1275-1400) was marked by a series of demographic upheavals that resulted in the formation of radically reconfigured social landscapes. The depopulation of long-occupied and densely settled regions instigated migrations that led to the displacement and reorganization of local communities and regional social networks. In areas that received a significant influx of new population, people from diverse ethnic, linguistic and cultural backgrounds came together to remake their social worlds. On the one hand, the Pueblo IV period appears to be a unique event in Pueblo history that led to many of the social formations and cultural identities that characterized the Southwest at European contact and that have largely endured to the present day. On the other hand, it is only one moment in a cycle of demographic reorganization and social negotiation that has characterized Pueblo societies from the beginnings of agricultural village life. The nature of Pueblo IV period reorganization,both what made it historically and structurally unique and what linked it to cycles of movement and culture change in the Southwest,remains a topic of central importance and anthropological inquiry. Archaeologists investigating this time period are interested in tracing migrant populations, in understanding how migrants merged with local groups to form multi-ethnic communities, in modeling how new social identities were negotiated and sustained, in documenting the emergence of novel social institutions and ritual practices and in understanding emergent systems of leadership and power. Data collected during this project will identify intra- and inter-regional trajectories of ceramic technological innovation and transfers of knowledge that illuminate subtle and complex interconnections among past and present populations. These connections trace both contact and movement of people, which have implications for contemporary Native American groups and public policy.Habicht-Mauche and Duff will mobilize a variety of analytical techniques to characterize local "recipes" and sources of raw materials used to prepare glaze paints on pottery manufactured at Pueblo IV period sites in east-central Arizona and west-central New Mexico. The project will chemically characterize glaze-paint composition using LA-ICP-MS and isotopically source lead in glaze paint using dissolution ICP-MS. These data will be integrated with other extant regional glaze-paint databases. Relationships among composition and source will be evaluated using Social Network Analysis. Thus, data from this project will contribute to emerging macroregional models of how late precontact social networks facilitated the exchange of technical information and materials, created and sustained migration corridors, and served as arenas of social reproduction that transformed Pueblo society. This project will enhance understanding of the cultural history of the Native peoples of the Southwest, while also making broader intellectual contributions to anthropological studies of migration and the anthropology of technology.