Household Life Cycle Location Choices and the Dynamics of Metropolitan Communities

家庭生命周期位置选择和大都市社区的动态

• 批准号: 0617844
• 负责人: Dennis Epple
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0617844&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Household; Life; Cycle; Location; Choices

Institution: Carnegie Mellon UniversityNSF Program: ECONOMICSPrincipal Investigator: Epple, DennisTitle: Household Life Cycle Location Choices and the Dynamics of Metropolitan Communities. ABSTRACT Understanding location choices of households and the dynamics of metropolitan structure are important issues in economic research as well as urban policy. The proposed research will develop a dynamic model of household life cycle location choices. Incentives for households to change locations in a metropolitan area vary over the life cycle. Households with school-aged children will be attracted to locations with good quality public schools, while those without children may not be so inclined. Departure of children from the household, and the associated decrease in housing need reinforces the incentives for relocation. The dynamic equilibrium model has the potential to improve understanding both of community characteristics and of housing markets. Modeling the life cycle dynamics of households and the associated dynamics of community populations will also improve our understanding of collective choices of local public policies made within communities. The model incorporates the following five household characteristics that that a life cycle model of household mobility must capture: income, family size, moving cost, age, and housing tenure. Empirical testing of the model entails developing a computational counterpart to the general equilibrium model. The empirical analysis will be based on cross-sectional and panel data on communities to study cross-sectional differences in the demographic composition of communities and changes in community demographic composition over time. Census data on intra-metropolitan population migration will also be used to investigate migration of households of varying stages of the life-cycle and varying incomes and family sizes. This research makes several significant contributions to economic science. This research develops and estimates a general equilibrium model of community choices to study determination of local public policies. The general equilibrium framework is particularly important for the study of policy issues that change the equilibrium composition of communities and the resulting housing prices. Among the key contributions of the research is providing a detailed analysis of collective choice mechanisms via majority rule in a dynamic framework with multiple communities. This research will provide the first estimated dynamic model of community choice and is thus on the frontier of integrating theory, computation, and estimation in urban economics. This research has several broader impacts. The research studies local public policies and investigates the effects of housing market imperfections and moving costs on access to primary and secondary education in the context of an aging US population. This demographic change coupled with household relocation decisions has the potential to alter significantly the composition of communities, the expenditure patterns of communities, and access to economic opportunities. The result of this research provides a foundation for understanding the consequences of such changes and evaluating public policies. The ability to distinguish among heterogeneous households and their contribution to the spatial equilibrium promises to provide a significant advance in understanding and quantifying the distribution of gains and losses associated with public policies. The research findings will be widely disseminated to promote broad access to theresults. Ph.D. students will participate in the research, thus contributing to their training.

机构：卡内基·梅隆大学（Carnegie Mellon Universitynsf）计划：经济学普通研究者：埃普尔（Epple），丹尼斯特（Dennistitle）：家庭生命周期的位置选择和大都市社区的动态。抽象了解家庭的位置选择和大都市结构的动态是经济研究和城市政策中的重要问题。 拟议的研究将开发家庭生命周期位置选择的动态模型。 在整个生命周期中，家庭改变大都市地区位置的激励措施各不相同。 拥有学龄儿童的家庭将被吸引到拥有高质量的公立学校的地点，而没有孩子的那些家庭可能不会那么倾向。 儿童离开家庭，相关的住房减少需要增强搬迁的激励措施。 动态平衡模型有可能提高对社区特征和住房市场的了解。对家庭的生命周期动态建模以及社区人口的相关动态也将提高我们对社区内部公共政策的集体选择的理解。 该模型结合了以下五个家庭特征，即家庭流动性的生命周期模型必须捕获：收入，家庭规模，移动成本，年龄和住房任期。 该模型的经验测试需要开发与一般平衡模型的计算对应物。 经验分析将基于有关社区的横断面和面板数据，以研究社区人口组成的横截面差异以及随着时间的推移社区人口统计学组成的变化。 有关分数内人口迁移的人口普查数据也将用于研究生活周期和不同收入和家庭规模不同的家庭的迁移。这项研究为经济科学做出了一些重大贡献。这项研究开发并估计了社区选择的一般均衡模型，以研究当地公共政策的确定。一般的平衡框架对于研究改变社区均衡组成和由此产生的住房价格的政策问题尤为重要。该研究的主要贡献之一是通过多数社区的动态框架中的多数规则对集体选择机制进行详细分析。这项研究将提供社区选择的第一个估计动态模型，因此是整合城市经济学的综合理论，计算和估计的前沿。这项研究具有更广泛的影响。 研究研究当地的公共政策，并调查了住房市场瑕疵的影响以及在美国老年人群中获得基本和中学教育的访问的影响。这种人口变化加上家庭搬迁决策，有可能显着改变社区的组成，社区的支出模式以及获得经济机会的机会。 这项研究的结果为理解这种变化的后果和评估公共政策的后果提供了基础。区分异质家庭及其对空间均衡的贡献的能力有望在理解和量化与公共政策相关的损益的分布方面有很大的进步。研究发现将被广泛传播，以促进广泛获得特征。博士学生将参加研究，从而为他们的培训做出贡献。