Regulation of Compound Leaf Development in Tomato

主要研究者：Neelima Roy Sinha提案编号：IOB-0641696提案标题：番茄复叶发育的调节叶出现在植物茎尖分生组织的生长顶端。叶子负责植物中大部分的固定碳，对植物生产力和人类生存至关重要，并且可以从简单到复合的复杂程度不等。 复叶可以有羽状或掌状排列的小叶。 本研究的长期目标是确定不定芽顶端分生组织和产生叶片的有限细胞之间的差异，以及单叶和复叶之间的差异。 这项研究将提供有关羽状复叶与掌状复叶的步骤的信息，并将使用遗传学和发育分析。 这一分析将被扩展，看看在番茄中发现的发育原则是否适用于独立进化历史的各种类型的复叶。拟议的研究将采用多管齐下的方法，包括分析其他模式植物物种中重要的发育调节基因。 一个更深入的了解如何表达的一个家庭的基因，KNOX 1基因，是调节在茎尖应该从这项工作。在本研究的过程中，预计将确定新的叶片发育调节剂。 本研究的具体目的是：1。对番茄叶片发育进行克隆分析;这将涉及标记幼叶中的细胞并跟踪其后代以跟踪细胞分裂如何产生叶片形状。确定调控番茄叶片发育的遗传位点。 将利用定量和基因组扫描方法来鉴定新的叶片发育调节因子。运用分子生物学和发育生物学技术分析KNOX 1基因表达调控.阐明HDZIPIII、NAM/CUC、LFY、UFO和JAG基因在叶发育中的作用，这些基因在模式生物拟南芥中调节植物形态，但它们在叶发育中的作用尚不清楚。拟议研究的智力价值包括为理解植物生物学中的一个基本问题提供至关重要的信息-为什么一些茎顶端分生组织产生单叶，而另一些则产生复叶。叶片在光合光捕获中的功能和它们形状的变化具有重要的生理和生态后果。 在许多物种中，个体的叶复杂性可以因环境条件而变化（异叶性变异），并且可以随发育时间而变化（异胚性变异）。 此外，这项研究应该产生的基因表达是如何在顶端分生组织和发育中的叶子调节的理解。 这项研究还将确定其他被认为调节营养和生殖发育的基因（基于拟南芥等模式生物）是否在复叶发育中发挥作用。 此外，全基因组分析和定量方法的尖端技术将帮助我们识别在叶片形成中发挥作用的未知基因。 这项研究活动的更广泛影响包括培训一名博士后研究员、一名研究生和一名本科生。PI的实验室在过去已经培训了所有这些级别的学生。本科生承担独立的研究项目，一些人共同撰写论文，许多本科生来自少数民族群体。除了研究培训外，博士后研究员和研究生还将接受本科生导师培训。

Principal Investigator: Neelima Roy SinhaProposal Number: IOB-0641696Proposal Title: Regulation of Compound Leaf Development in TomatoLeaves arise at the growing tips of plants on shoot apical meristems. Leaves are responsible for most of the fixed carbon in a plant, are critical to plant productivity and human survival, and can range in complexity from simple to compound. Compound leaves can have leaflets in a pinnate or palmate arrangement. The long-term goal of this research is to determine the differences between the indeterminate shoot apical meristem and determinate cells that give rise to leaves, and between simple and compound leaves. This research will provide information on the steps that give rise to pinnate vs. palmate compound leaves and will use genetics, as well as developmental analyses. This analysis will be extended to see if the developmental principles discovered in tomato are applicable to various types of compound leaves of independent evolutionary history. The proposed research will utilize a multi-pronged approach that includes analysis of a number of genes that are important developmental regulators in other model plant species. A deeper understanding of how the expression of one family of genes, the KNOX1 genes, is regulated at the shoot apex should result from this work. New regulators of leaf development are expected to be identified during the course of this research. The specific aims of the proposed research are to:1. Perform a clonal analysis of tomato leaf development; this will involve marking cells in young leaves and following their progeny to track how cell division gives rise to leaf shapes.2. Identify genetic loci that regulate leaf development in tomato. Quantitative and genome scanning approaches will be utilized to identify new regulators of leaf development.3. Analyze the regulation of KNOX1 gene expression using molecular biology and developmental biology techniques.4. Elucidate the role of HDZIPIII, NAM/CUC, LFY, UFO and JAG genes in leaf development, which are known to regulate plant form in the model organisms Arabidopsis but their role in leaf development is not yet understood.The intellectual merits of the proposed research include providing information crucial to understanding a basic problem in plant biology - why some shoot apical meristems produce simple leaves, while others make compound leaves. Leaves function in photosynthetic light capture and variation in their shape has important physiological and ecological consequences. In many species, leaf complexity in an individual can change due to environmental conditions (heterophyllic variation) and can vary over developmental time (heteroblastic variation). In addition, this research should generate an understanding of how gene expression is regulated both in the apical meristem and in developing leaves. This research will also determine if other genes thought to regulate vegetative and reproductive development (based on model organisms like Arabidopsis) have a role in compound leaf development. In addition cutting edge techniques of whole genome analysis and quantitative approaches will help us to identify as yet unknown genes that have played a role in the formation of leaves. Broader impacts of this research activity include training of a post-doctoral fellow, a graduate student and undergraduate students. The PI's laboratory has trained students at all these levels in the past. Undergraduate students undertake independent research projects, several have co-authored papers and many of the undergraduate students come from minority groups. In addition to research training, the post-doctoral fellows and graduate students will also be trained in undergraduate mentorship.