Regulation of Compound Leaf Development in Tomato

项目负责人：Neelima Roy sinha项目编号：iob -0641696项目名称：番茄复叶发育调控叶片产生于植物茎尖分生组织的生长端。叶子负责植物中大部分的固定碳，对植物的生产力和人类的生存至关重要，其复杂性可以从简单到复合。复叶可以有羽状或掌状排列的小叶。本研究的长期目标是确定不确定的茎尖分生组织和产生叶片的确定细胞之间的差异，以及单叶和复叶之间的差异。这项研究将提供关于羽状和掌状复叶产生的步骤的信息，并将使用遗传学和发育分析。这一分析将进一步扩展，看看在番茄中发现的发育原理是否适用于具有独立进化史的各种类型的复叶。拟议的研究将采用多管齐下的方法，包括分析其他模式植物物种中重要的发育调节基因。对KNOX1基因家族的表达如何在茎尖受到调控的更深层次的理解应该源于这项工作。在这项研究的过程中，预计将发现新的叶片发育调节因子。提出的研究的具体目的是：1。对番茄叶片发育进行克隆分析；这将包括标记嫩叶中的细胞，并跟踪它们的后代，以跟踪细胞分裂如何产生叶片形状。鉴定番茄叶片发育调控基因座。定量和基因组扫描方法将用于鉴定叶片发育的新调控因子。利用分子生物学和发育生物学技术分析KNOX1基因的表达调控。阐明HDZIPIII、NAM/CUC、LFY、UFO和JAG基因在叶片发育中的作用，这些基因已知在拟南芥模式生物中调控植物形态，但在叶片发育中的作用尚不清楚。这项被提议的研究的智力价值包括为理解植物生物学的一个基本问题提供了至关重要的信息——为什么一些茎尖分生组织产生单叶，而另一些产生复叶。叶片的光合作用和光捕获功能及其形状的变化具有重要的生理和生态影响。在许多物种中，单个叶片的复杂性可以因环境条件而改变（异胚变异），也可以随着发育时间而变化（异胚变异）。此外，本研究将有助于了解基因表达在顶端分生组织和发育叶片中是如何调控的。这项研究还将确定其他被认为调节营养和生殖发育的基因（基于拟南芥等模式生物）是否在复叶发育中发挥作用。此外，全基因组分析和定量方法的尖端技术将帮助我们识别在叶片形成中起作用的未知基因。这项研究活动的广泛影响包括培养一名博士后、一名研究生和一名本科生。在过去，PI的实验室已经训练了所有这些级别的学生。本科生承担独立的研究项目，一些人与人合作撰写论文，许多本科生来自少数民族。除科研培训外，还将对博士后和研究生进行本科指导培训。

Principal Investigator: Neelima Roy SinhaProposal Number: IOB-0641696Proposal Title: Regulation of Compound Leaf Development in TomatoLeaves arise at the growing tips of plants on shoot apical meristems. Leaves are responsible for most of the fixed carbon in a plant, are critical to plant productivity and human survival, and can range in complexity from simple to compound. Compound leaves can have leaflets in a pinnate or palmate arrangement. The long-term goal of this research is to determine the differences between the indeterminate shoot apical meristem and determinate cells that give rise to leaves, and between simple and compound leaves. This research will provide information on the steps that give rise to pinnate vs. palmate compound leaves and will use genetics, as well as developmental analyses. This analysis will be extended to see if the developmental principles discovered in tomato are applicable to various types of compound leaves of independent evolutionary history. The proposed research will utilize a multi-pronged approach that includes analysis of a number of genes that are important developmental regulators in other model plant species. A deeper understanding of how the expression of one family of genes, the KNOX1 genes, is regulated at the shoot apex should result from this work. New regulators of leaf development are expected to be identified during the course of this research. The specific aims of the proposed research are to:1. Perform a clonal analysis of tomato leaf development; this will involve marking cells in young leaves and following their progeny to track how cell division gives rise to leaf shapes.2. Identify genetic loci that regulate leaf development in tomato. Quantitative and genome scanning approaches will be utilized to identify new regulators of leaf development.3. Analyze the regulation of KNOX1 gene expression using molecular biology and developmental biology techniques.4. Elucidate the role of HDZIPIII, NAM/CUC, LFY, UFO and JAG genes in leaf development, which are known to regulate plant form in the model organisms Arabidopsis but their role in leaf development is not yet understood.The intellectual merits of the proposed research include providing information crucial to understanding a basic problem in plant biology - why some shoot apical meristems produce simple leaves, while others make compound leaves. Leaves function in photosynthetic light capture and variation in their shape has important physiological and ecological consequences. In many species, leaf complexity in an individual can change due to environmental conditions (heterophyllic variation) and can vary over developmental time (heteroblastic variation). In addition, this research should generate an understanding of how gene expression is regulated both in the apical meristem and in developing leaves. This research will also determine if other genes thought to regulate vegetative and reproductive development (based on model organisms like Arabidopsis) have a role in compound leaf development. In addition cutting edge techniques of whole genome analysis and quantitative approaches will help us to identify as yet unknown genes that have played a role in the formation of leaves. Broader impacts of this research activity include training of a post-doctoral fellow, a graduate student and undergraduate students. The PI's laboratory has trained students at all these levels in the past. Undergraduate students undertake independent research projects, several have co-authored papers and many of the undergraduate students come from minority groups. In addition to research training, the post-doctoral fellows and graduate students will also be trained in undergraduate mentorship.