Simulation and Theory of Electron Holes and Double Layers Observed in the Magnetosphere, Ionosphere, and Solar Wind

这个项目将解决空间等离子体中的电子相空间空穴(EH)问题。该项目有三个具体目标：(1)将以前关于极光双层产生EH的工作推广到磁场相对较弱的其他空间区域；(2)研究在不存在极光双层时会产生弱EH的机制；(3)确定与弱电子空穴相关的未捕获电子总数的电子分布函数。该项目将开发一个Vlasov模拟代码，用于空间的二维和速度的三维。一个简化的一维Vlasov模拟工具，具有易于使用的图形界面，也将作为学生学习等离子体物理和Vlasov方程的教育工具。

This project will address the issue of electron phase space holes (EH) in space plasmas. The project has three specific goals: (1) extend the work previously done on the creation of EH by auroral double layers to other regions of space where the magnetic field is relatively weak, (2) examine mechanisms that would produce weak EH when double layers are not present, and (3) determine the electron distribution functions for the untrapped electron population associated with weak electron holes. The project will develop a Vlasov simulation code for 2-D in space and 3-D in velocity. A simplified 1-D Vlasov simulation tool with an easy to use graphical interface will also be produced as an educational tool for students learning about plasma physics and the Vlasov equation.