Significance of Apyrase Activity for Plant Growth and Development

腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶活性对植物生长发育的意义

• 批准号: 0718890
• 负责人: Stanley Roux
• 金额: $ 48.18万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0718890&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Significance; Apyrase; Activity; Plant; Growth

The main objective of this project is to learn more about how the activity of enzymes called apyrases exert their dramatic effects on plant growth and development. Apyrases remove the terminal phosphate from nucleoside triphosphates (e.g., ATP) and nucleoside diphosphates. Their key role in controlling the growth of plants is revealed by two recent discoveries: plants that cannot make two closely related apyrases, APY1 and APY2, are dwarf, and the highest expression of APY1 and APY2 is in tissues that are rapidly growing. To better understand the implications of these findings, this project proposes to investigate the molecular bases underlying them, using genetic, biochemical and cell biological approaches. APY1 and APY2 function both in cell nuclei and in the cell periphery. In the latter location they can reduce the concentration of extracellular ATP. Although virtually all ATP is made inside of cells, some of it moves to the outside of cells where it can serve as a hormone-like substance that can influence many cellular activities. This project tests how the ability of apyrases to regulate the concentration of extracellular and nuclear ATP relates to its ability to regulate plant growth. Learning more about the unexpected role of apyrases in growth processes will significantly expand and deepen knowledge about factors that regulate plant growth, and thus help develop new strategies for increasing crop yields and plant biomass for biofuels. The P.I. and co P.I. have a strong record of mentoring high school and undergraduate students in original research projects, and both are now serving as principle instructors in a new Freshman Research Initiative project on campus, which has the goal of introducing large numbers of entering students to the challenge and joy of research during their first year. This activity is in accord with NSF's goal to foster integration of research and education through formal programs, and may serve as a model program for other such efforts in other Universities.

该项目的主要目的是了解更多关于被称为腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶的酶的活性如何对植物生长和发育产生显着影响。腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶从核苷三磷酸（例如，ATP）和核苷二磷酸。最近的两项发现揭示了它们在控制植物生长中的关键作用：不能产生两种密切相关的三磷酸腺苷双磷酸酶APY1和APY2的植物是矮化的，APY1和APY2的最高表达是在快速生长的组织中。为了更好地理解这些发现的含义，该项目建议使用遗传，生物化学和细胞生物学方法来研究它们背后的分子基础。 APY1和APY2在细胞核和细胞周边都起作用。在后一个位置，它们可以降低细胞外ATP的浓度。虽然几乎所有的ATP都是在细胞内产生的，但其中一些可以移动到细胞外，在那里它可以作为一种类似于蛋白质的物质，可以影响许多细胞活动。该项目测试腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶调节细胞外和细胞核ATP浓度的能力如何与其调节植物生长的能力相关。更多地了解腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶在生长过程中的意想不到的作用将显着扩大和深化有关调节植物生长的因素的知识，从而有助于开发新的策略，以提高作物产量和生物燃料的植物生物量。 私家侦探和合作P.I.在指导高中和本科生的原创研究项目的良好记录，现在都是在校园里，它的目标是引入大量的进入学生的挑战和研究的喜悦在他们的第一年的新的新生研究计划项目担任主要导师。这项活动是在雅阁与美国国家科学基金会的目标，以促进研究和教育的整合，通过正式的计划，并可能作为一个模型计划，为其他大学的其他此类努力。