Significance of Apyrase Activity for Regulating Plant Growth and Development

腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶活性对调节植物生长发育的意义

• 批准号: 1027514
• 负责人: Stanley Roux
• 金额: $ 47万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1027514&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Significance; Apyrase; Activity; Regulating; Plant

The main objective of this project is to clarify how the activities of enzymes called apyrases exert dramatic effects on plant growth and development. Apyrases are enzymes that can hydrolyze various nucleotides, including ATP. Plants that are suppressed in their production of two apyrases, APY1 and APY2, are defective in their transport of the plant growth hormone auxin and are dwarf. The highest expression of these enzymes is in tissues that are rapidly growing. To better understand the implications of these findings, this project will investigate the molecular bases underlying them, using genetic, biochemical and cell biological approaches. APY1 and APY2 can function in the outer periphery of cells where they reduce the concentration of extracellular ATP. During cell growth some ATP made inside cells moves to the outside of cells where it acts as a hormone-like substance that influences many activities in plants, including cell expansion and the opening and closing of leaf pores called stomata. This project tests how the ability of apyrases to regulate the concentration of extracellular ATP relates to their ability to regulate plant cell size. New knowledge gained from the proposed experiments will deepen understanding about factors that control plant growth, and thus help develop new strategies for increasing crop yields and plant biomass for biofuels. The P.I. and co P.I. have a strong record of mentoring high school and undergraduate students in original research projects, and both are now principal instructors in the nationally lauded Freshman Research Initiative project on campus, which introduces large numbers of entering students to the challenge and joy of cutting-edge research. This activity is in accord with NSF's goal to foster integration of research and education through formal programs, and may serve as a model program for other such efforts in other Universities.

该项目的主要目标是阐明腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶的活性如何对植物生长和发育产生巨大影响。腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶是可以水解各种核苷酸（包括 ATP）的酶。两种腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶（APY1 和 APY2）的产生受到抑制的植物在植物生长激素生长素的运输方面存在缺陷，并且会变得矮小。这些酶的最高表达是在快速生长的组织中。为了更好地理解这些发现的含义，该项目将利用遗传、生化和细胞生物学方法研究它们背后的分子基础。 APY1 和 APY2 可以在细胞外周发挥作用，降低细胞外 ATP 的浓度。在细胞生长过程中，细胞内部产生的一些 ATP 移动到细胞外部，在那里它充当类似激素的物质，影响植物的许多活动，包括细胞扩张和称为气孔的叶孔的打开和关闭。该项目测试腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶调节细胞外 ATP 浓度的能力与其调节植物细胞大小的能力之间的关系。从拟议的实验中获得的新知识将加深对控制植物生长因素的理解，从而有助于制定提高作物产量和生物燃料植物生物量的新策略。 P.I.和合作 P.I.拥有在原创研究项目中指导高中生和本科生的良好记录，两人现在都是全国知名的校园新生研究计划项目的首席讲师，该项目向大量新生介绍了前沿研究的挑战和乐趣。这项活动符合 NSF 通过正式计划促进研究和教育一体化的目标，并且可以作为其他大学的其他此类努力的典范计划。