Application of the Isotopes of Carbon Monoxide as Tracers of Current OH Trends and Preindustrial CO Chemistry

将最新的模型模拟与观测结果进行比较表明，在高纬度北半球，大气示踪剂14CO的存在最近发生了实质性变化。在这个项目中，纽约州立大学石溪分校的研究人员将在一个既定的地点(冰岛威斯曼群岛)测量14CO，并与模型模拟进行比较，以测试我们对大气氧化潜力的理解。由于14CO是一种宇宙产生的分子，几乎只与OH反应，因此如果测量库存，就可以计算损失率，因为现在生产速度受到很好的限制。由于国际模型界的努力，通过使用现有的14CO数据，14CO的模型模拟有了显著的改进。评估大气氧化潜势最近被强调为一个重要的研究领域(Lelieveld等人，2006年；政府间气候变化委员会第七次会议，2002年：热点话题：全球羟基的稳定性和羟基趋势的检测)。研究小组还将把他们的NH数据与南半球的数据进行比较，因为南半球中高纬度的采样点将由新西兰皇冠研究所的国家水与大气研究所独立但同时进行操作。研究小组还将调查生物质燃烧对前工业化时期南半球CO收支的相对贡献。这将通过测量降雪空气样本中稳定的CO碳和氧同位素的丰度来完成。这一项目将产生重大的国际和更广泛的教育影响。这项研究的范围将从根本上说是国际性的，无论是科学范围还是科学合作。模型的开发将由荷兰乌得勒支大学的马尔滕·克罗尔教授、德国美因茨的马克斯·普朗克化学研究所的帕特里克·约克尔博士和NCAR的路易莎·埃蒙斯博士带头。从冰样中提取空气将在法国格勒诺布尔国家科学研究中心的冰川学和地球物理实验室与Jerome Cappellaz博士合作进行；而从南半球采集的样本将与我们在NH的工作直接比较，将由David Lowe？S博士在新西兰惠灵顿皇冠研究所的国家水与大气研究所进行研究。这样的合作反映了国际社会对这项工作的兴趣程度。由于其少数民族学生的入学水平相对较高，纽约州立大学石溪分校是识别和培养大气科学领域代表性不足群体的优秀招聘校园。首席调查员计划招募和提拔合格的、代表性不足的少数民族学生进入地球科学领域。将鼓励本科生参与。

A comparison of very recent model simulations compared to observations indicates there is a recent, substantial change in the presence of the atmospheric tracer 14CO in the high latitude Northern Hemisphere. Such changes may well be a reflection of variations in the presence of atmospheric OH and therefore the atmospheric oxidation potential.In this project, researchers at the State University of New York at Stony Brook will measure 14CO at an established site (Westmann Islands, Iceland) and compare with model simulations to test our understanding of the atmospheric oxidation potential. Because 14CO is a cosmogenically produced molecule that reacts almost exclusively with OH, the loss rate can be calculated if the inventory is measured, since the production rate is now well constrained. As a result of efforts by the international modeling community, model simulations of 14CO have improved dramatically with the use of existing 14CO data. Assessing the atmospheric oxidation potential has recently been highlighted as an important research area (Lelieveld et al., 2006; 7th IGAC Conference, 2002: Hot Topic: Stability of Global OH and Detection of OH Trends). The research team will compare their NH data with data from the Southern Hemisphere as well, since sampling sites in the middle and high latitude Southern Hemisphere will be operated, independently but concurrently, by the National Institute for Water and Atmospheres, Crown Research Institute, New Zealand. The research team will also investigate the relative contribution from biomass burning to the CO budget of the Southern Hemisphere during preindustrial times. This will be done by measuring the abundance of the stable C and O isotopes of CO from firn air samples.This project will feature significant international and educational broader impacts. The scope of the research will be fundamentally international in terms of both scientific scope and scientific collaborations. Model development will be spearheaded by Prof. Maarten Krol (Utrecht University, the Netherlands), Dr. Patrick Jöckel (Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany), and Dr. Louisa Emmons (NCAR). Extraction of air from ice samples will take place at the Laboratory for Glaciology and Geophysics, National Scientific Research Center (CNRS), Grenoble, France, in collaboration with Dr. Jerome Chappellaz; and samples collected from the Southern Hemisphere, to be directly compared with our work in the NH, will be carried out by Dr. David Lowe?s research group at the National Institute for Water and Atmosphere, Crown Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand. Collaborations such as these reflect the level of interest in this work by the international community. Because of its relatively high level of enrollment of minority students, SUNY Stony Brook is an excellent recruiting campus for identifying and nurturing underrepresented groups in the atmospheric sciences. The principal investigator plans to recruit and promote qualified, underrepresented minority students into the earth sciences. Undergraduate participation will be encouraged.