Application of the Isotopes of Carbon Monoxide as Tracers of Current OH Trends and Preindustrial CO Chemistry

一氧化碳同位素作为当前 OH 趋势和工业化前 CO 化学示踪剂的应用

• 批准号: 0731406
• 负责人: John Mak
• 金额: $ 71.13万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-15 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0731406&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Application; Isotopes; Carbon; Monoxide; Tracers

A comparison of very recent model simulations compared to observations indicates there is a recent, substantial change in the presence of the atmospheric tracer 14CO in the high latitude Northern Hemisphere. Such changes may well be a reflection of variations in the presence of atmospheric OH and therefore the atmospheric oxidation potential.In this project, researchers at the State University of New York at Stony Brook will measure 14CO at an established site (Westmann Islands, Iceland) and compare with model simulations to test our understanding of the atmospheric oxidation potential. Because 14CO is a cosmogenically produced molecule that reacts almost exclusively with OH, the loss rate can be calculated if the inventory is measured, since the production rate is now well constrained. As a result of efforts by the international modeling community, model simulations of 14CO have improved dramatically with the use of existing 14CO data. Assessing the atmospheric oxidation potential has recently been highlighted as an important research area (Lelieveld et al., 2006; 7th IGAC Conference, 2002: Hot Topic: Stability of Global OH and Detection of OH Trends). The research team will compare their NH data with data from the Southern Hemisphere as well, since sampling sites in the middle and high latitude Southern Hemisphere will be operated, independently but concurrently, by the National Institute for Water and Atmospheres, Crown Research Institute, New Zealand. The research team will also investigate the relative contribution from biomass burning to the CO budget of the Southern Hemisphere during preindustrial times. This will be done by measuring the abundance of the stable C and O isotopes of CO from firn air samples.This project will feature significant international and educational broader impacts. The scope of the research will be fundamentally international in terms of both scientific scope and scientific collaborations. Model development will be spearheaded by Prof. Maarten Krol (Utrecht University, the Netherlands), Dr. Patrick Jöckel (Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany), and Dr. Louisa Emmons (NCAR). Extraction of air from ice samples will take place at the Laboratory for Glaciology and Geophysics, National Scientific Research Center (CNRS), Grenoble, France, in collaboration with Dr. Jerome Chappellaz; and samples collected from the Southern Hemisphere, to be directly compared with our work in the NH, will be carried out by Dr. David Lowe?s research group at the National Institute for Water and Atmosphere, Crown Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand. Collaborations such as these reflect the level of interest in this work by the international community. Because of its relatively high level of enrollment of minority students, SUNY Stony Brook is an excellent recruiting campus for identifying and nurturing underrepresented groups in the atmospheric sciences. The principal investigator plans to recruit and promote qualified, underrepresented minority students into the earth sciences. Undergraduate participation will be encouraged.

最近的模式模拟与观测结果的比较表明，最近在高纬度北方半球的大气示踪剂14 CO的存在有很大的变化。这种变化很可能是大气中OH存在的变化的反映，因此，大气氧化电位。在这个项目中，斯托尼布鲁克的纽约州立大学的研究人员将测量14 CO在一个既定的网站（韦斯特曼群岛，冰岛），并与模型模拟比较，以测试我们对大气氧化电位的理解。由于14 CO是一种宇宙生成的分子，几乎只与OH反应，如果测量库存，则可以计算损失率，因为生产率现在受到很好的限制。由于国际模拟界的努力，14 CO的模型模拟已经大大提高了使用现有的14 CO数据。评估大气氧化潜力最近已被强调为重要的研究领域（Lelieveld等人，2006年; 2002年第七届IGAC会议：热点话题：全球OH的稳定性和OH趋势的检测）。 研究小组还将把他们的北半球数据与南半球的数据进行比较，因为南半球中纬度和高纬度的采样点将由新西兰皇冠研究所国家水和大气研究所独立但同时运作。 研究小组还将调查前工业时代生物质燃烧对南半球CO预算的相对贡献。这项工作将通过测量积雪空气样品中CO的稳定C和O同位素丰度来完成，该项目将具有重大的国际和教育影响。 研究范围将在科学范围和科学合作方面基本上是国际性的。模型开发将由Maarten Krol教授（荷兰乌得勒支大学）、帕特里克Jöckel博士（德国美因茨马克斯普朗克化学研究所）和路易莎埃蒙斯博士（NCAR）牵头。从冰样中提取空气的工作将在法国格勒诺布尔国家科学研究中心（CNRS）冰川学和地球物理学实验室与杰罗姆·查佩拉斯博士合作进行;从南半球收集的样品将由大卫·洛博士进行，以便与我们在北半球的工作直接进行比较。新西兰惠灵顿皇冠研究所国家水和大气研究所的研究小组。此类合作反映了国际社会对这项工作的兴趣程度。 由于其相对较高的少数民族学生入学水平，纽约州立大学斯托尼布鲁克是一个很好的招聘校园，以确定和培养代表性不足的群体在大气科学。首席研究员计划招募和促进合格的，代表性不足的少数民族学生进入地球科学。 将鼓励本科生参与。