Application of the Isotopes of Carbon Monoxide as Tracers of Current OH Trends and Preindustrial CO Chemistry

最近的模式模拟与观测结果的比较表明，北半球高纬度地区大气示踪剂14CO的存在最近发生了实质性变化。这种变化很可能反映了大气OH存在的变化，从而反映了大气氧化电位的变化。在这个项目中，纽约州立大学石溪分校的研究人员将在一个确定的地点（冰岛韦斯特曼群岛）测量14CO，并与模型模拟进行比较，以测试我们对大气氧化电位的理解。由于14CO是一种宇宙生成的分子，几乎只与OH发生反应，因此如果测量库存，可以计算损失率，因为现在的生产速率受到很好的限制。由于国际模拟界的努力，利用现有的14CO数据，14CO的模式模拟得到了显著改善。评估大气氧化电位近年来已成为一个重要的研究领域（leeleveld等，2006；第七届IGAC会议，2002：热点话题：全球OH的稳定性和OH趋势的检测）。由于位于南半球中纬度和高纬度的采样点将由新西兰皇冠研究所的国家水与大气研究所独立但同时运作，研究小组将把他们的北半球数据与南半球的数据进行比较。研究小组还将调查前工业化时期生物质燃烧对南半球CO收支的相对贡献。这将通过测量空气样品中CO的稳定C和O同位素的丰度来完成。该项目将对国际和教育产生重大影响。从科学范围和科学合作的角度来看，这项研究的范围基本上是国际性的。模型开发将由Maarten Krol教授（荷兰乌得勒支大学）、Patrick博士Jöckel（德国美因茨马克斯普朗克化学研究所）和Louisa Emmons博士（NCAR）牵头。从冰样品中提取空气将在法国格勒诺布尔国家科学研究中心（CNRS）冰川学和地球物理实验室与Jerome Chappellaz博士合作进行；从南半球收集的样本，直接与我们在北半球的工作进行比较，将由大卫·洛博士进行。他是新西兰惠灵顿皇冠研究所国家水与大气研究所的研究小组成员。诸如此类的合作反映了国际社会对这项工作的兴趣程度。由于少数族裔学生的入学率相对较高，纽约州立大学石溪分校是一个优秀的招生校园，可以识别和培养大气科学领域代表性不足的群体。首席研究员计划招募和促进合格的，代表性不足的少数民族学生进入地球科学。鼓励本科生参加。

A comparison of very recent model simulations compared to observations indicates there is a recent, substantial change in the presence of the atmospheric tracer 14CO in the high latitude Northern Hemisphere. Such changes may well be a reflection of variations in the presence of atmospheric OH and therefore the atmospheric oxidation potential.In this project, researchers at the State University of New York at Stony Brook will measure 14CO at an established site (Westmann Islands, Iceland) and compare with model simulations to test our understanding of the atmospheric oxidation potential. Because 14CO is a cosmogenically produced molecule that reacts almost exclusively with OH, the loss rate can be calculated if the inventory is measured, since the production rate is now well constrained. As a result of efforts by the international modeling community, model simulations of 14CO have improved dramatically with the use of existing 14CO data. Assessing the atmospheric oxidation potential has recently been highlighted as an important research area (Lelieveld et al., 2006; 7th IGAC Conference, 2002: Hot Topic: Stability of Global OH and Detection of OH Trends). The research team will compare their NH data with data from the Southern Hemisphere as well, since sampling sites in the middle and high latitude Southern Hemisphere will be operated, independently but concurrently, by the National Institute for Water and Atmospheres, Crown Research Institute, New Zealand. The research team will also investigate the relative contribution from biomass burning to the CO budget of the Southern Hemisphere during preindustrial times. This will be done by measuring the abundance of the stable C and O isotopes of CO from firn air samples.This project will feature significant international and educational broader impacts. The scope of the research will be fundamentally international in terms of both scientific scope and scientific collaborations. Model development will be spearheaded by Prof. Maarten Krol (Utrecht University, the Netherlands), Dr. Patrick Jöckel (Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany), and Dr. Louisa Emmons (NCAR). Extraction of air from ice samples will take place at the Laboratory for Glaciology and Geophysics, National Scientific Research Center (CNRS), Grenoble, France, in collaboration with Dr. Jerome Chappellaz; and samples collected from the Southern Hemisphere, to be directly compared with our work in the NH, will be carried out by Dr. David Lowe?s research group at the National Institute for Water and Atmosphere, Crown Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand. Collaborations such as these reflect the level of interest in this work by the international community. Because of its relatively high level of enrollment of minority students, SUNY Stony Brook is an excellent recruiting campus for identifying and nurturing underrepresented groups in the atmospheric sciences. The principal investigator plans to recruit and promote qualified, underrepresented minority students into the earth sciences. Undergraduate participation will be encouraged.