Influences of Perceptual Fluency on Explicit Testing of Recognition Memory

知觉流畅性对识别记忆外显测试的影响

• 批准号: 0818912
• 负责人: Ken Paller
• 金额: $ 43万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0818912&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Influences; Perceptual; Fluency; Explicit; Testing

The ability to accurately recognize information that was previously learned is central to human success. This ability relies on a complex set of brain mechanisms. Traditionally, human memory is subdivided into memory with awareness of retrieval, or explicit memory, and memory without awareness of retrieval, or implicit memory. Surprisingly, it is possible for a person to respond with high accuracy on a memory test in the absence of explicit feelings of familiarity or remembering. With support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Ken Paller and colleagues at Northwestern University will characterize the circumstances under which implicit recognition is possible. Implicit recognition is found when people have negligible confidence about their memory, whereas explicit memory shows the reverse pattern. Implicit recognition is stronger for stimuli that are learned under conditions that place severe limitations on information processing, even though these conditions lead to very poor explicit memory. By recording brain activity from electrodes placed on the scalp while people perform memory tests, Dr. Paller will investigate which specific brain potentials are associated with implicit memory and which are associated with explicit memory. The results of this research will provide new information about mechanisms of implicit and explicit memory and about how both types of mechanism can drive accurate memory judgments.This research project will provide training opportunities for undergraduate, graduate, and post-doctoral trainees in cognitive neuroscience. Specific findings are expected to be disseminated widely and will lead to numerous insights into how explicit and implicit memory influences everyday behavior. Such knowledge will be important for enhancing our understanding of learning and memory in the classroom, in a court of law, in the acquisition of various cognitive skills, and in interpersonal interactions. The work will also aid efforts to devise rehabilitation strategies for people with memory difficulties due to aging or neurological disorders.

准确识别先前学习的信息的能力是人类成功的核心。这种能力依赖于一套复杂的大脑机制。传统上，人类的记忆被分为有意识提取的记忆，或外显记忆，和没有意识提取的记忆，或内隐记忆。令人惊讶的是，一个人在没有明显的熟悉感或记忆的情况下，也有可能在记忆测试中做出高准确度的反应。在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，西北大学的肯·帕勒博士和他的同事们将描述内隐识别可能发生的情况。 当人们对自己的记忆信心不足时，就会出现内隐再认，而外显记忆则相反。对于在信息处理受到严重限制的条件下学习的刺激，内隐识别更强，即使这些条件导致非常差的外显记忆。通过记录人们在进行记忆测试时放置在头皮上的电极的大脑活动，Paller博士将研究哪些特定的大脑电位与内隐记忆有关，哪些与外显记忆有关。本研究的结果将为内隐记忆和外显记忆的机制以及这两种机制如何驱动准确的记忆判断提供新的信息。本研究项目将为认知神经科学的本科生、研究生和博士后培训人员提供培训机会。具体的研究结果预计将被广泛传播，并将导致许多见解如何外显和内隐记忆影响日常行为。 这些知识对于增强我们在课堂上、法庭上、获得各种认知技能以及人际交往中对学习和记忆的理解非常重要。这项工作还将有助于为因衰老或神经系统疾病而记忆困难的人制定康复策略。