Manipulating and Classifying Memory Processing during Sleep

睡眠期间的记忆处理操作和分类

• 批准号: 1461088
• 负责人: Ken Paller
• 金额: $ 45万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1461088&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Manipulating; Classifying; Memory; Processing; during

The ability to remember is central to human success. Whereas most memory research focuses on the formation and/or recall of memories, events intervening between the acquisition of new information and its subsequent retrieval may play a central role in shaping memory storage and determining what can be remembered. In particular, recent research suggests that memories are reactivated during sleep. This insight has led researchers to hypothesize that reactivation during sleep may have a profound influence on whether a memory persists or fades away. However, investigating this question in humans has been hindered by difficulties in measuring reactivation. Furthermore, merely measuring reactivation is insufficient for showing that reactivation improves memory. To establish causality, one must directly manipulate reactivation instead of just observing when it happens. An overarching objective of this project is thus to monitor, characterize, and manipulate memory reactivation during sleep. These efforts at the intersection of memory research and sleep research will expand our understanding of how memories are stored in the brain, providing knowledge that can then guide efforts to improve learning and memory in a variety of contexts, including in education, in the legal system, in public service training, for individuals with memory dysfunction due to disease, for older individuals with age-related memory decline, and for a wide variety of on-the-job uses of memory. The research will also highlight the relevance of sleep for effective learning, bolstering societal appreciation of the need for sleep.This project will take the innovative approach of combining auditory stimulation during sleep with extensive analysis of EEG recordings. Through systematic arrangement of learning and testing procedures, auditory stimulation will function as a prompt for memory reactivation in the brain while relevant neural activity is simultaneously monitored. These procedures make it possible to analyze neurocognitive processing during sleep and to relate this processing to later memory performance. By manipulating which memories are cued during sleep, causal inferences about how reactivation affects stored memories will be made. Dr. Paller and his team will focus on established physiological signals (e.g., N400 and sleep spindles) as well as on multivariate analyses. By applying sophisticated pattern classifier analyses to sleep EEG data collected immediately after the auditory cues are played, a time-varying neural measure of how strongly the associated memory is reactivated during sleep will be derived. This neural signature of memory reactivation can be related to features of sleep physiology and also subsequent memory to shed light on exactly which aspects of sleep promote strong memory reactivation and, ultimately, accurate recall. This work thus provides a powerful new set of approaches for investigating the fundamental brain events that enable memory storage to be enduring for the vast amount of information we all need to remember.

记忆能力是人类成功的核心。尽管大多数记忆研究都集中在记忆的形成和/或回忆上，但在新信息的获取和随后的检索之间的事件可能在塑造记忆存储和确定可以记住什么方面发挥核心作用。特别是，最近的研究表明，记忆在睡眠期间被重新激活。这一发现使研究人员假设，睡眠中的重新激活可能对记忆的持续或消失有着深远的影响。然而，在人类中研究这个问题一直受到测量再激活的困难的阻碍。此外，仅仅测量再激活不足以表明再激活改善了记忆。为了建立因果关系，我们必须直接操纵再激活，而不仅仅是观察它何时发生。因此，这个项目的首要目标是监测，表征和操纵睡眠期间的记忆再激活。这些在记忆研究和睡眠研究交叉点上的努力将扩大我们对记忆如何存储在大脑中的理解，提供知识，然后可以指导在各种背景下改善学习和记忆的努力，包括教育、法律的系统、公共服务培训、针对因疾病而记忆功能障碍的个人、针对与年龄相关的记忆力下降的老年人、以及用于存储器的各种各样的工作中使用。该研究还将强调睡眠与有效学习的相关性，加强社会对睡眠需求的认识。该项目将采取创新方法，将睡眠期间的听觉刺激与脑电图记录的广泛分析相结合。通过学习和测试程序的系统安排，听觉刺激将作为大脑中记忆重新激活的提示，同时监测相关的神经活动。这些程序使分析睡眠期间的神经认知过程成为可能，并将此过程与以后的记忆表现联系起来。通过操纵哪些记忆在睡眠期间被提示，关于重新激活如何影响存储的记忆的因果推理将被做出。帕勒博士和他的团队将专注于建立生理信号（例如，N400和睡眠纺锤波）以及多变量分析。通过将复杂的模式分类器分析应用于在听觉线索播放后立即收集的睡眠EEG数据，将导出在睡眠期间相关记忆被重新激活的强度的时变神经测量。这种记忆再激活的神经特征可能与睡眠生理学特征以及随后的记忆有关，从而揭示睡眠的哪些方面促进了强烈的记忆再激活，并最终准确回忆。因此，这项工作提供了一套强大的新方法，用于研究基本的大脑活动，这些大脑活动使记忆存储能够持久地存储我们都需要记住的大量信息。

项目成果

Targeted memory reactivation during sleep to strengthen memory for arbitrary pairings

睡眠期间有针对性的记忆重新激活，以加强对任意配对的记忆

• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.12.017
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Neuropsychologia
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Vargas, Iliana M.;Schechtman, Eitan;Paller, Ken A.
• 通讯作者: Paller, Ken A.

Targeted memory reactivation during sleep boosts intentional forgetting of spatial locations

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59019-x
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 期刊: Scientific Reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Eitan Schechtman;S. Witkowski;Anna Lampe;Brianna J. Wilson;K. Paller

Grappling With Implicit Social Bias: A Perspective From Memory Research

• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.037
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: Neuroscience
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Heather D. Lucas;Jessica D. Creery;Xiaoqing Hu;K. Paller

Targeted Memory Reactivation during Sleep Elicits Neural Signals Related to Learning Content

睡眠期间有针对性的记忆重新激活会引发与学习内容相关的神经信号

• DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2798-18.2019
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: The Journal of Neuroscience
• 作者: Wang, Boyu;Antony, James W.;Lurie, Sarah;Brooks, Paula P.;Paller, Ken A.;Norman, Kenneth A.
• 通讯作者: Norman, Kenneth A.