Collaborative Research: The Structure and Dynamics of Social Networks within the Southwest

合作研究：西南地区社交网络的结构和动态

• 批准号: 0827011
• 负责人: Jeffery Clark
• 金额: $ 44.92万
• 依托单位: Archaeology Southwest
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-10-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0827011&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Structure; Dynamics; Social

This project examines the structure and dynamics of social networks in the prehispanic U.S. Southwest. It examines the period of time between A.D. 1200 to 1550, when there were massive displacements of population that coincided with the formation of large, aggregated villages throughout the area. Using information culled from unpublished and published reports, museum collections, and limited archaeological fieldwork it supplements an existing database of known Native American settlements in the region that was developed with prior NSF funding. The project has five major goals. First is to add material culture information (especially ceramics and obsidian) to an existing GIS that contains only spatial data developed by the Center for Desert Archaeology. This GIS database includes roughly 2000 late prehispanic sites across the Southwest. Second is to characterize the structure and dynamics of social networks in the area during a period of great population flux and pan-regional interconnectivity. The third is to apply new methods and theories of social network analysis from sociology, Geographic Information System (GIS), physics, and mathematics to archaeology. Fourth, researchers are to test current theories about network structure and change using high-resolution archaeological data. And fifth, the researchers are to integrate social network theory with powerful tools of spatial analyses such as GIS. Southwest archaeology has the potential to provide a "deep time" perspective on the rise and fall of social networks within a relatively controlled and circumscribed environment. Social network analysis has largely concentrated on contemporary examples and this is the first application of social network theory and methods to a regional archaeological database that measures change over centuries and that is more analogous to the kinds of interactions that take place in many non-urban settings throughout the world. Project results are presented in a manner accessible to the public in variety of media, including the Center for Desert Archaeology?s website, public lectures, and widely distributed publications.

该项目研究了前西班牙裔美国西南部社交网络的结构和动态。它考察了公元 1200 年至 1550 年期间的时期，当时人口大量流离失所，同时整个地区也形成了大型聚集村庄。它利用从未发表和已发表的报告、博物馆藏品和有限的考古实地工作中精选的信息，补充了该地区已知美洲原住民定居点的现有数据库，该数据库是由国家科学基金会先前资助开发的。该项目有五个主要目标。首先是将物质文化信息（特别是陶瓷和黑曜石）添加到现有的 GIS 中，该 GIS 仅包含由沙漠考古中心开发的空间数据。该 GIS 数据库包括西南部大约 2000 个前西班牙晚期遗址。其次是描述人口大流动和泛区域互联时期该地区社会网络的结构和动态。第三是将社会学、地理信息系统（GIS）、物理学和数学的社会网络分析新方法和理论应用到考古学中。第四，研究人员将利用高分辨率考古数据来测试当前有关网络结构和变化的理论。第五，研究人员将社交网络理论与地理信息系统等强大的空间分析工具相结合。西南考古学有潜力为在相对受控和限制的环境中社交网络的兴衰提供“深度时间”视角。社交网络分析主要集中在当代例子，这是社交网络理论和方法首次应用于区域考古数据库，该数据库测量几个世纪以来的变化，更类似于世界各地许多非城市环境中发生的互动类型。项目结果通过各种媒体以向公众开放的方式呈现，包括沙漠考古中心的网站、公开讲座和广泛发行的出版物。