Engineering Issues in Understanding Human Speech

CBET-0828903M。普莱斯尼亚克，普渡大学根据这项资助，将系统地评估在人类发声模型中常用的建模假设(声带的流体诱导振动)。由于喉部的不可及性，建模长期以来一直是声音研究的主要组成部分。语音模型试图简化人类发声过程中复杂的流体-结构相互作用，同时仍能捕捉到相关的物理现象。然而，未经检验的建模假设限制了此类模型的准确性。最终，高精度的模型将对嗓音障碍的临床诊断、治疗和手术前规划产生重大影响。据估计，嗓音障碍在普通人群中的患病率高达30%，在定期讲课的专业人士中，如教育工作者，这一比例是前者的两倍。每年，数十亿美元的生产力损失都是由于嗓音疾病造成的。这个项目的目标是评估常规使用的未经测试的建模假设的有效性。流体流动研究将在7.5倍真人大小的声带可控动态模型中进行。声门内的粘性流动现象将通过使用粒子图像测速仪(PIV)和激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)的时空流场数据来研究。将进行参数结构分析，以确定声带结构对八个几何参数和几个从未测量过的六个组织参数的敏感性。从这项研究中获得的知识将增加未来模型的准确性和有效性，最终导致人类语音的临床相关模型的创建。除了演讲，研究结果将与流体-结构相互作用和生物医学工程等更一般的领域相关。普渡大学现有的推广项目将确保除了工程和社会影响外，研究将对代表不足的群体的参与、本科生研究参与和K-12推广项目产生更广泛的影响。普渡大学的暑期本科生研究奖学金(SURF)计划为本科生提供有意义的指导研究，普渡大学的少数族裔工程组织特别鼓励女性和少数族裔参与研究。参加普渡大学的工程推广项目，如“想象站”、“中学思维”和史诗，将有助于K-12年级的学生从小就接触到工程的刺激。与EPICS一起创建的人类语音过程的功能模型将用于本科生语音语言和听力研究(SLHS)课程的教学。

CBET-0828903M. Plesniak, Purdue UniversityUnder this grant, modeling assumptions that are commonly applied in models of human phonation (fluid-induced vibrations of the vocal folds) will be systematically evaluated. Because of the inaccessibility of the larynx, modeling has long been a primary component of voice research. Speech models seek to simplify the complicated fluid-structure interactions of human voice production while still capturing the relevant physics. However, untested modeling assumptions limit the accuracy of such models. Ultimately, highly accurate models will be transformative to clinical diagnosis, treatment, and pre-surgical planning of voice disorders. The prevalence of voice disorders in the general population is estimated to be as high as 30%, and is twice as high among professionals who lecture regularly, such as educators. Each year, billions of dollars in lost productivity costs is due to vocal ailments. The goal of this project is to assess the validity of untested modeling assumptions that are routinely employed. Fluid flow investigations will be performed in a 7.5 times life-size controllable dynamic model of the vocal folds. Viscous flow phenomena within the glottis will be studied via spatial and temporal flow field data using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). Parametric structural analysis will be performed to determine the sensitivity of the vocal fold structure to eight geometric and six tissue parameters of several have never been measured. The knowledge obtained from this study will increase the accuracy and validity of future models, eventually leading to the creation of clinically relevant models of human speech. In addition to speech production, the results will be relevant to the more general fields of fluid-structure interactions, and biomedical engineering.The existing outreach programs at Purdue University will ensure that in addition to engineering and societal impacts, the research will have a broader impact on participation of underrepresented groups, undergraduate research participation, and K-12 outreach programs. The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program at Purdue University facilitates meaningful guided research for undergraduate students, in which female and minority participation is especially encouraged by Purdue's Minority Engineering organization. Participation in engineering outreach programs such as "Imagination Station", "Middle School Minds", and EPICS at Purdue University will facilitate the exposure of K-12 students to the excitement of engineering at a young age. A functional model of the human speech process created in conjunction with EPICS will be used for instruction in undergraduate Speech Language and Hearing Research (SLHS) classes.