COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: The intersection of vegetation organization and watershed topology: Ecohydrologic imprints in runoff generation and stream discharge

合作研究：植被组织和流域拓扑的交叉点：径流产生和溪流排放的生态水文印记

• 批准号: 0838193
• 负责人: Ryan Emanuel
• 金额: $ 14.59万
• 依托单位: Appalachian State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0838193&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; intersection; vegetation; organization

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: The intersection of vegetation organization and watershed topology: Ecohydrologic imprints in runoff generation and stream dischargeRyan E. Emanuel, Appalachian State UniversityBrian L. McGlynn, Montana State UniversityAbstractThis award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). Vegetation plays a key, though complex role in the water balances of terrestrial landscapes. One aspect contributing to this complexity is the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation. In particular, the effects of the spatial distribution of vegetation on runoff processes at hillslope and watershed scales remain poorly understood, due in large part to the variety of spatial relationships between landforms and vegetation within and among terrestrial landscapes combined with spatially and temporally variable evaporation and transpiration. This research project will develop a conceptual framework that considers vegetation as a temporally dynamic and spatially heterogeneous control on runoff generation and stream discharge within hillslope and watershed networks. The framework will be tested using a combination of intensive field-based measurements, airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) measurements, and numerical simulations of coupled hydrological and ecophysiological processes. Small (approximately 500 ha) watersheds in the northern Rocky Mountains of Montana and the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina will serve as field sites instrumented with stream gages, piezometers, and weather stations to detect shallow groundwater and stream discharge responses to vegetation activity (i.e. transpiration in response to meteorological conditions) and vegetation heterogeneity (i.e. different vegetation distributions and characteristics among hillslopes and watersheds). LIDAR will be used to assess the distribution of vegetation within hillslopes and watershed networks, providing empirical evidence for the sensitivity of hydrological processes to the spatial arrangement of vegetation at these scales. Numerical modeling will provide understanding of the roles of biological and physical processes, within the constraints of the algorithms coded into the model, in the observed hydrological responses, both within and among watersheds. By comparing hillslopes and watersheds from two different biogeographical and climatological regions, this project will result in a more generalized understanding of how vegetation affects hydrological processes at these scales, addressing an area of critical research need at the interdisciplinary interface of watershed hydrology and vegetation ecophysiology. Broader impacts of this project include promoting research in a predominantly undergraduate institution, training future scientists, strengthening collaborations between research intensive and predominantly undergraduate institutions, advancing research for an early-career scientist and diversifying participation in the earth sciences. During the course of this project, the PIs will also develop and teach a collaborative, field-based course for students from both Appalachian State University (ASU) and Montana State University (MSU). Additionally, the research project will increase participation of underrepresented populations in the sciences. Both PIs are directly involved in programs to provide research opportunities and mentoring to underrepresented populations, including the American Indian Research Opportunities program at MSU and the Faculty Fellows program at ASU. The project will directly involve two faculty members, one Ph.D. student, two undergraduate researchers, and approximately twenty course enrollees from both institutions.

合作研究：植被组织和流域拓扑学的交叉：径流产生和流量的生态水文印记。伊曼纽尔，阿巴拉契亚州立大学布赖恩L。McGlynn，蒙大拿州立大学摘要该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。 植被在陆地景观的水平衡中起着关键而复杂的作用。 造成这种复杂性的一个方面是植被的空间异质性。 特别是，在山坡和流域尺度上的径流过程中的植被的空间分布的影响仍然知之甚少，在很大程度上是由于各种地形和植被之间的空间关系和陆地景观结合空间和时间可变的蒸发和蒸腾。 本研究计划将发展一个概念性架构，将植被视为山坡及集水区网络内径流产生及溪流排放的时间动态及空间异质性控制。 该框架将使用密集的实地测量，机载光探测和测距（激光雷达）测量，耦合水文和生态生理过程的数值模拟相结合的测试。 小蒙大拿州北方落基山脉和北卡罗来纳州阿巴拉契亚山脉南部的流域（约500公顷）将作为现场，配备流量计、压力计、和气象站，以检测浅层地下水和河流排放对植被活动的反应（即蒸腾作用对气象条件的响应）和植被异质性（即不同山坡和流域的植被分布和特征）。 激光雷达将用于评估山坡和流域网络内的植被分布，为水文过程对这些尺度上植被空间布局的敏感性提供经验证据。数值模拟将提供生物和物理过程的作用的理解，编码到模型中的算法的限制，在观察到的水文响应，无论是在流域内和之间。 通过比较来自两个不同地理和气候区域的山坡和流域，该项目将导致更普遍的了解植被如何影响这些尺度上的水文过程，解决流域水文学和植被生态生理学跨学科界面的关键研究需求领域。 该项目的更广泛的影响包括促进以本科为主的机构的研究，培养未来的科学家，加强研究密集型和以本科为主的机构之间的合作，推进早期职业科学家的研究，并使地球科学的参与多样化。 在这个项目的过程中，PI还将开发和教授来自阿巴拉契亚州立大学（ASU）和蒙大拿州立大学（MSU）的学生合作，实地课程。 此外，该研究项目将增加代表性不足的人口在科学领域的参与。 两个PI都直接参与了为代表性不足的人群提供研究机会和指导的计划，包括密歇根州立大学的美国印第安人研究机会计划和亚利桑那州立大学的教师研究员计划。 该项目将直接涉及两名教员，一名博士，学生，两名本科生研究人员，以及来自两个机构的大约20名课程注册者。