Medical selection during of the recruitment of foreign workers ("Gastarbeiter"): Practice and function of health examinations in the context of economic and political interests of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1955-1973

招聘外国工人期间的体检（“Gastarbeiter”）：1955-1973 年德意志联邦共和国经济和政治利益背景下健康检查的实践和功能

• 批准号: 190975203
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Volker Roelcke
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Geschichte der Medizin
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-31 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/190975203?language=en
• 关键词: Medical; selection; during; recruitment; foreign

The project aims at the reconstruction of the practice and function of health examinations in the context of the recruitment, placement and assingment of foreign workers in the German labour market. In the context of bilateral contracts in the 1950s and 60s between the Federal Republic of Germany on the one side, and European as well as non-European conutries on the other side, some million individuals from e.g. Italy, Greece, Spain, Yugoslawia and Turkey were medically evaluated. The procedures were carried through by German medical commissions, and frequently perceived as humiliating by those examined. An immaculate health condition as well as suitability for specific work contexts were seen as preconditions for an entry clearance and placement to German industry. The aim is to reconstruct and analyse the concrete practice of the health examinations, differentiated according to type of recruitment procedure, country of recruitment, and in consideration of the economic and political changes between 1955 and 1973. On a second level, the central motives of the selection processes (parameters of occupational medicine, public health concerns of German political instances, interests in the context of economic policies, local conditions of the examinations) will be identifiedand analysed in their specific hierarchies to each other.

该项目的目的是在德国劳动力市场征聘、安置和分配外籍工人的背景下，重建健康检查的做法和功能。根据1950年代和60年代德意志联邦共和国为一方、欧洲和非欧洲国家为另一方签订的双边合同，来自意大利、希腊、西班牙、南斯拉夫和土耳其等国的约100万人接受了医疗评估。这些程序由德国医疗委员会执行，被检查者常常认为是一种羞辱。完美的健康状况以及适合特定工作环境被视为进入德国工业的先决条件。目的是重建和分析根据征聘程序类型、征聘国家并考虑到1955年至1973年之间的经济和政治变化而加以区分的健康检查的具体做法。在第二个层面上，选择过程的中心动机（职业医学的参数、德国政治实例的公共卫生问题、经济政策背景下的利益、考试的当地条件）将被确定并在彼此之间的具体层次上进行分析。