CSR: Small: Collaborative Research: System Support for Managing Carbon Footprints and Electricity Costs in Internet Services

CSR：小型：协作研究：管理互联网服务中碳足迹和电力成本的系统支持

• 批准号: 0916246
• 负责人: Margaret Martonosi
• 金额: $ 16.7万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0916246&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CSR; Small; Collaborative; Research; System

Society is faced today with three main energy-related challenges: US dependence on foreign energy sources, world-wide dependence on non-renewable energy, and climate change induced at least in part by greenhouse-gas emissions. The computer industry also faces an energy crisis: the nation's data centers consume a gigantic amount of energy, which translates into large greenhouse gas footprints. This research explores the implications of these trends on data center design. In particular, the work considers how to optimize data center operation in the face of Kyoto-style cap-and-trade frameworks, related cap-and-pay frameworks, and unregulated scenarios where businesses optimize energy usage to save money or achieve carbon neutrality. In both cap-and-trade and cap-and-pay, caps are imposed on activities society wants to discourage. In large computer systems, excessive brown energy consumption is one activity to discourage. Through caps on brown energy, society can also promote renewable energy. Research challenges include: (i) balancing reductions in brown energy consumption against cost, performance and service-level agreement (SLA) impact, (ii) managing energy consumption in the context of variable electricity prices; and (iii) designing multiple system layers that effectively integrate and coordinate electricity and performance management, even in the face of highly volatile request distributions and electricity/carbon prices. This research has the potential for broad impact both on computer systems design, and more broadly on an increasingly carbon-conscious world.

当今社会面临着三大与能源相关的挑战：美国对外国能源的依赖，全球对不可再生能源的依赖，以及至少部分由温室气体排放引起的气候变化。计算机行业也面临着能源危机：国家的数据中心消耗了大量的能源，这转化为大量的温室气体足迹。 本研究探讨了这些趋势对数据中心设计的影响。 特别是，这项工作考虑了如何在京都式的限额与交易框架，相关的限额与支付框架以及企业优化能源使用以节省资金或实现碳中和的不受监管的情况下优化数据中心运营。在限额交易和限额支付中，都对社会想要阻止的活动施加了上限。在大型计算机系统中，过度的棕色能源消耗是一种不鼓励的行为。通过对棕色能源的限制，社会也可以促进可再生能源。研究挑战包括：（i）平衡棕色能源消耗的减少与成本，性能和服务水平协议（SLA）的影响，（ii）在可变电价的背景下管理能源消耗;以及（iii）设计多个系统层，有效地集成和协调电力和性能管理，即使面对高度波动的请求分布和电力/碳价格。这项研究有可能对计算机系统设计产生广泛的影响，更广泛地说，对一个越来越有碳意识的世界产生广泛的影响。