Collaborative Research: Evolutionary genomics of rapid adaptation in threespine stickleback

合作研究：三刺刺鱼快速适应的进化基因组学

• 批准号: 0919090
• 负责人: William Cresko
• 金额: $ 36.48万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0919090&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Evolutionary; genomics; rapid

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Biologists are making significant progress in understanding how changes in single genes allow organisms to cope with changing environments. However, it is still unknown how entire genomes - the total genetic information encoded in an organism?s DNA - respond to novel conditions. In particular, when independent populations adapt to similar environments, it is unclear what proportion of genomic changes occur in the same way. Studies of threespine stickleback fish provide an excellent opportunity to address this problem. Repeatedly, the ocean form of stickleback has invaded and become isolated in freshwater habitats, which has resulted in replicated patterns of divergence in traits such as bone size, body coloration and mating behavior. The goal of this research is to analyze patterns of divergence across entire genomes of multiple populations of Alaskan oceanic stickleback that colonized freshwater ponds formed during a massive earthquake in 1964. Using cutting-edge sequencing technology and newly developed techniques for evaluating genome-wide patterns of genetic variation, this project will evaluate the similarity of genomic responses of each population to their new freshwater habitats. This research provides a case study of the genomic changes that occur during the responses of organisms to both natural and human-caused environmental changes. In addition, the results of this work will provide a better understanding of the genomic basis of how organisms respond to climate change, another environmental perturbation that could stimulate rapid evolution. Graduate students and undergraduates including Alaska Natives will be part of the research, and a website provides elementary-school level materials about the project.

该奖项是根据2009年的《美国复苏和再投资法》（公法111-5）资助的。生物学家在理解单个基因的变化如何使生物能够应对不断变化的环境方面取得了重大进展。但是，尚不清楚整个基因组如何 - 在生物体中编码的总遗传信息 - 对新的疾病做出反应。特别是，当独立人群适应类似的环境时，目前尚不清楚以相同方式发生的基因组变化比例。对三杆粘鱼的研究为解决这个问题提供了绝佳的机会。反复反复地，粘性的海洋形式被侵入并在淡水栖息地中孤立，这导致了诸如骨骼大小，身体着色和交配行为等性状的复制模式。这项研究的目的是分析在1964年大规模地震中形成的繁殖淡水池塘的多个种群的整个基因组的差异模式。使用最先进的测序技术和新开发的技术，用于评估基因差异的基因组范围的新型养生方式，将评估基因差异的新范围。这项研究提供了一个案例研究，介绍了生物体对自然和人为引起的环境变化的反应期间发生的基因组变化。此外，这项工作的结果将更好地理解生物如何应对气候变化的基因组基础，这是一种可能刺激快速进化的环境扰动。包括阿拉斯加本地人在内的研究生和本科生将成为研究的一部分，网站提供有关该项目的小学级别材料。