Collaborative Research: Evolutionary genomics of rapid adaptation in threespine stickleback

合作研究：三刺刺鱼快速适应的进化基因组学

• 批准号: 0919234
• 负责人: Frank von Hippel
• 金额: $ 30.69万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Anchorage Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0919234&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Evolutionary; genomics; rapid

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)Biologists are making significant progress in understanding how changes in single genes allow organisms to cope with changing environments. Howeever, it is still unknown how entire genomes - the total genetic information encoded in an organism's DNA - respond to novel conditions. In particular, when independent populations adapt to similar environments, it is unclear what proportion of genomic changes occur in the same way. Studies of threespine stickleback fish provide an excellent opportunity to address this problem. Repeatedly, the ocean form of sticklback has invaded and become isolated in freshwater habitats, which has resulted in replecated patterns of divergence in traits such as bone size, body coloration and mating behavior. The goal of this research is to analyze patterns of divergence across entire genomes of multiple populations of Alaskan oceanic stickleback that colonized freshwater ponds formed during a massive earthquake in 1964. Using cutting-edge sequencing technology and newly developed techinques for evaluating genome-wide patterns of genetic variation, this project will evaluate the similarity of genomic responses of each population to their new freshwater habitats. This research provides a case study of the genomic changes that occur during the responses of organisms to both natural and human-caused environmental changes. In addition, the results of this work will provide a better understanding of the genomic basis of how organisms respond to climate change, another environmental perturbation that could stimulate rapid evolution. Graduate studiens and undergraduates including Alaska Natives will be part of the research, and a website provides elementary-school level materials about the project.

该奖项由 2009 年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法 111-5）资助。生物学家在理解单基因的变化如何使生物体应对不断变化的环境方面取得了重大进展。 然而，整个基因组（生物体 DNA 中编码的全部遗传信息）如何对新条件做出反应仍不清楚。 特别是，当独立的种群适应相似的环境时，尚不清楚有多少比例的基因组变化以相同的方式发生。 对三刺刺鱼的研究为解决这一问题提供了绝佳的机会。 海洋形式的刺鱼多次入侵淡水栖息地并被孤立，这导致骨骼大小、身体颜色和交配行为等性状出现重复的分化模式。这项研究的目标是分析阿拉斯加海洋棘鱼多个种群的整个基因组的分化模式，这些种群在 1964 年大地震期间形成的淡水池塘中定居。该项目将利用尖端测序技术和新开发的评估全基因组遗传变异模式的技术，评估每个种群对其新淡水栖息地的基因组反应的相似性。这项研究提供了生物体对自然和人为环境变化做出反应期间发生的基因组变化的案例研究。此外，这项工作的结果将有助于更好地理解生物体如何应对气候变化的基因组基础，气候变化是另一种可能刺激快速进化的环境扰动。包括阿拉斯加原住民在内的研究生和本科生将参与该研究，并且一个网站提供了有关该项目的小学水平材料。