Understanding Decisions to Choose Intuitively or Rationally

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。人们普遍认为，决策往往涉及考虑“理性”和“直觉”的投入。 该研究计划将研究人们如何决定权重的数量，以分配理性的考虑和直觉的冲动时，作出决定。 这项工作将特别密切关注人们在直觉和理性之间发生冲突的情况，必须选择是遵循他们的“头脑”还是“直觉”。“大部分工作将审查人们是否追求“匹配”程序，以决定是否遵循一个或另一个。 也就是说，它假设人们比较一个给定的选择问题的特征（结果可以定量评估吗？结果会以一系列离散的步骤展开吗？）与他们与理性（精确，顺序）和直觉（模糊，整体）相关联的特征相关联，然后根据哪个输入提供最接近的匹配来选择直觉或理性地决定。 这项研究还将探讨人们对直觉（直觉）和理性（头脑）的身体联想如何影响他们对直觉和理性论证的评价，并最终影响他们做出的决定。通过了解人们如何利用理性和直觉输入做出决策的过程，这项研究有望进一步加深我们对以下问题的理解：（1）什么构成直觉和理性，（2）为什么以及何时直觉论证可以胜过理性考虑，（3）如何构建决策环境以增加理性或直觉输入的影响，以及（3）如何帮助人们做出更有益的选择。

Abstract"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009(Public Law 111-5)."It is widely acknowledged that making decisions often involves the consideration of both "rational" and "intuitive" inputs. This program of research will examine how people decide the amount of weight to assign rational considerations and intuitive impulses when making decisions. The work will focus particularly closely on those situations in which people experience a conflict between intuition and reason and must choose whether to follow their "head" or their "gut." Much of the work will examine whether people pursue a "matching" procedure in deciding whether to follow one or the other. That is, it is hypothesized that people compare the features of a given choice problem (Can the outcome be evaluated quantitatively? Will the outcome unfold in a series of discrete steps?) with the features they associate with reason (precise, sequential) and with intuition (fuzzy, wholistic), and then choose to decide intuitively or rationally according to which input provides the closest match. The proposed research will also examine how the bodily associations people have to intuition (gut) and reason (head) influence their evaluations of intuitive and rational arguments, and, ultimately, the decisions they make.By understanding the processes that govern how people utilize rational and intuitive inputs in making decisions, this research promises to further our understanding of (1) what constitutes intuition and reason, (2) why and when intuitive arguments can trump rational considerations, (3) how decision environments can be structured to increase the impact of either rational or intuitive inputs, and (3) how people can be aided in making more rewarding choices.