Understanding Decisions to Choose Intuitively or Rationally

了解直觉或理性选择的决定

• 批准号: 0922323
• 负责人: Thomas Gilovich
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0922323&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Understanding; Decisions; Choose; Intuitively; Rationally

Abstract"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009(Public Law 111-5)."It is widely acknowledged that making decisions often involves the consideration of both "rational" and "intuitive" inputs. This program of research will examine how people decide the amount of weight to assign rational considerations and intuitive impulses when making decisions. The work will focus particularly closely on those situations in which people experience a conflict between intuition and reason and must choose whether to follow their "head" or their "gut." Much of the work will examine whether people pursue a "matching" procedure in deciding whether to follow one or the other. That is, it is hypothesized that people compare the features of a given choice problem (Can the outcome be evaluated quantitatively? Will the outcome unfold in a series of discrete steps?) with the features they associate with reason (precise, sequential) and with intuition (fuzzy, wholistic), and then choose to decide intuitively or rationally according to which input provides the closest match. The proposed research will also examine how the bodily associations people have to intuition (gut) and reason (head) influence their evaluations of intuitive and rational arguments, and, ultimately, the decisions they make.By understanding the processes that govern how people utilize rational and intuitive inputs in making decisions, this research promises to further our understanding of (1) what constitutes intuition and reason, (2) why and when intuitive arguments can trump rational considerations, (3) how decision environments can be structured to increase the impact of either rational or intuitive inputs, and (3) how people can be aided in making more rewarding choices.

摘要“这个奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案(公法111-5)资助的。”人们普遍认为，决策往往涉及对“理性”和“直觉”投入的考虑。这个研究项目将考察人们如何决定在做决定时如何分配理性考虑和直觉冲动的权重。这项工作将特别关注那些人们体验到直觉和理性之间的冲突，必须选择是跟随他们的“头脑”还是他们的“直觉”的情况。这项研究的大部分工作将考察人们在决定是遵循其中一个还是另一个时是否遵循一种“匹配”程序。也就是说，假设人们比较给定选择问题的特征(结果能被定量评估吗？结果会以一系列不连续的步骤展开吗？)利用它们与理性(精确的、顺序的)和直觉(模糊的、整体的)相关联的特征，然后选择直观地或理性地根据哪种输入提供最接近的匹配来决定。这项拟议的研究还将考察人们对直觉(直觉)和理性(头部)的身体联系如何影响他们对直觉和理性论点的评价，并最终影响他们做出的决定。通过了解支配人们如何利用理性和直觉进行决策的过程，这项研究承诺进一步理解(1)什么是直觉和理性，(2)为什么以及何时直觉论点可以胜过理性考虑，(3)如何构建决策环境，以增加理性或直觉投入的影响，以及(3)如何帮助人们做出更有价值的选择。