MRI: Development of Carbon 14 Analyzer

MRI：碳 14 分析仪的开发

• 批准号: 0922872
• 负责人: Daniel Murnick
• 金额: $ 74.12万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University Newark
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0922872&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Development; Carbon; 14; Analyzer

Carbon 14 (14C) exists in the biosphere with an abundance of about 1 part per trillion relative to carbon 12, and decays with a half-life of 5730 years thus providing a tag for carbon dating. In addition, compounds labeled with 14C are routinely used to trace metabolism in physiology research. In atmospheric science, small changes in 14C content can monitor how much carbon dioxide is being released into the atmosphere from fossil fuel burning. Sensitive measurement of 14C now requires the use of large dedicated and expensive particle accelerators. In this project, a new laser based ultra-sensitive 14C detection instrument for routine quantitation of 14C will be developed. The resulting system will be easy to operate and allow the use of extremely small (of order 0.1 mg) samples. Users of the first instruments will come from three broad areas: environmental monitoring, physiology studies, and small sample analysis, all of which require the unique capabilities of the system. The project uses a new ultra-sensitive laser based analytical technique, intracavity optogalvanic spectroscopy (ICOGS), which enables the detection of 14C labeled carbon dioxide. Three major development goals are planned: optimization of the laser system; preparation of sample handling and introduction protocols; and development of calibration and standards methodology and equipment. Two instruments with a common technology will be built- a high sensitivity device for small sample and environmental monitoring and a lower sensitivity device for routine analysis of organic and biological samples labeled with 14C tracers. Successful completion of the project will make available laboratory size, user-friendly instruments for highly sensitive measurements of 14C in biological and environmental samples. It will also greatly expand the range of measurements possible and increase the size of the user community. Because the instrument can accommodate continuous flow of carbon dioxide, real-time atmospheric monitoring is also possible. A major outcome of the instrument development program will be technology transfer to both a broad user community from industry, government and academia; as well as to potential commercial suppliers. Results obtained will be submitted to interdisciplinary scientific journals and at regional and national meetings.

碳 14 (14C) 存在于生物圈中，其丰度约为碳 12 的万亿分之一，并且衰变的半衰期为 5730 年，从而为碳测年提供了标签。 此外，用 14C 标记的化合物通常用于生理学研究中的代谢追踪。在大气科学中，14C 含量的微小变化可以监测有多少二氧化碳因化石燃料燃烧而释放到大气中。 14C 的灵敏测量现在需要使用大型专用且昂贵的粒子加速器。 在该项目中，将开发一种新型激光超灵敏14C检测仪器，用于14C的常规定量。由此产生的系统将易于操作，并允许使用极小的（0.1 毫克量级）样品。第一批仪器的用户将来自三个广泛的领域：环境监测、生理学研究和小样本分析，所有这些都需要系统的独特功能。 该项目采用了一种新型超灵敏激光分析技术——腔内光电流光谱法（ICOGS），能够检测 14C 标记的二氧化碳。规划了三大发展目标：激光系统的优化；准备样品处理和引入方案；以及校准和标准方法和设备的开发。 将建造两种具有通用技术的仪器——用于小样品和环境监测的高灵敏度装置和用于对14C示踪剂标记的有机和生物样品进行常规分析的低灵敏度装置。 该项目的成功完成将为生物和环境样品中 14C 的高灵敏度测量提供实验室规模、用户友好的仪器。 它还将大大扩展可能的测量范围并增加用户社区的规模。 由于该仪器可以容纳连续流动的二氧化碳，因此也可以进行实时大气监测。仪器开发计划的一个主要成果将是将技术转让给来自工业界、政府和学术界的广泛用户群体；以及潜在的商业供应商。 获得的结果将提交给跨学科科学期刊以及区域和国家会议。