Learning Modules to Enhance Understanding of Animal Development

生物科学(61)：这一系列的动画学习模块旨在使动物发育的过程和机制对生物学本科生透明。模块设计遵循教学最佳实践，将复杂的3D开发过程解析为可访问的部分，其中结合了文本、语音、动画和形成性评估。评估通过在每个模块中定期使用多项选择题、配对题、数据分类和排序问题来进行。在使用每个评估工具后，立即提供有针对性的反馈。这些模块要求学生在观看动画片段之前预测他们希望看到的内容。这些模块的用户遵循一条学习路径，在其中他们定义预期、观察事件、评估解释和做出新的预测。这些模块有许多元素，包括背景信息、动画可视化、询问脚本、形成性反馈循环、书面解释、文档工具和总结性评估工具。该项目的智力优势在于学习模块的规范性。他们专注于动物的发展，但每个模块的学习目标都是特定于学科的。对生物发育事件和机制的理解对生物学中的许多领域(入门生物学、系统发生学、进化生物学、发育生物学、宏观进化、分子生物学、进化发育和无脊椎动物/脊椎动物动物学)至关重要，但发育信息的使用方式差异很大。在系统发育学中，共有的特征表明有共同的祖先，而在发育生物学中，形态变化与基因表达有关。通过围绕着最先进的、生物上准确的动画和不同的学习挑战，学生们被挑战去分析在不同背景下的发展，而不是记忆形态序列。这个项目旨在产生广泛的影响，因为学习模块是为来自不同学习领域的用户打包的，包括上级和下级课程，并以供教师使用的学习脚本为特色。为了确保材料得到适当的指导，来自代表性较低的STEM群体的学生在模块制定过程中对内容和设计进行批评。模块开发人员包括学生、研究型大学和社区学院的教职员工、动画师以及书面和视觉教育材料的专业评价员。这些单元的学习价值首先在当地进行评估，以便根据需要进行改进；然而，使用适当选择的描述符的网络传播允许全球的学生、教师和感兴趣的各方轻松访问。

Biological Sciences (61):This series of animated learning modules is designed to make the processes and mechanisms of animal development transparent to undergraduate students in biology. Module design follows pedagogical best practices by parsing the complex 3D process of development into accessible sections where text, voice, animation, and formative assessment are all combined. Assessment occurs through regular use of multiple choice questions, matching questions, data sorting and ordering questions, throughout each module. Targeted feedback is provided immediately after each assessment tool is used. The modules require students to predict what they expect to see before viewing animation segments. Users of the modules follow a learning path in which they define expectations, observe events, assess interpretation, and make new predictions. There are many elements to the modules including contextual information, animated visualization, inquiry scripts, a formative feedback loop, written explanation, a documentation tool, and summative assessment instruments.The intellectual merit of the project lies in the prescriptive nature of the learning modules. They are focused around animal development, but the learning goals of each module are discipline specific. An understanding of events and mechanisms of organismal development is central to many areas within biology (introductory biology, phylogeny, evolutionary biology, developmental biology, macroevolution, molecular biology, evolutionary development, and invertebrate/vertebrate zoology), but the way in which developmental information is used varies greatly. In phylogeny, shared features indicate shared ancestry whereas in developmental biology, morphological change is correlated with gene expression. By surrounding state-of-the-art, biologically accurate animations with different sets of learning challenges, students are challenged to analyze development in different contexts, rather than to memorize morphological sequences. This project is designed to have a broad impact because the learning modules are packaged for users from many different areas of study, in both upper and lower division courses, and feature a learning script for instructors. To ensure that the materials are appropriately directed, students from underrepresented STEM groups are critiquing content and design during module formulation. The module developers include students, faculty at a research university and a community college, animators, and professional evaluators of written and visual educational materials. The learning value of the modules are being assessed locally first so that improvements can be made as needed; however,web dissemination with properly selected descriptors permits easy access for students, faculty, and interested parties around the globe.