Single-Event and Long-Term Dynamics of Nonplanar Fault Systems

非平面故障系统的单事件和长期动力学

• 批准号: 0948304
• 负责人: Brittany Erickson
• 金额: $ 17万
• 依托单位: Erickson Brittany A
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0948304&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Single; Event; Long; Term; Dynamics

Dr. Brittany A. Erickson has been granted the NSF Earth Sciences postdoctoral fellowship to carry out a research and education plan at Stanford University. Interdisciplinary research between the fields of geophysics and mathematics will be conducted in order to understand unknown phenomena emerging from earthquake simulations with certain physical features that have not been previously studied. This work will study dynamic models of fault systems in order to explore how small-scale nonplanar features influence single event rupture behavior, as well as long term interactions in fault networks. Single-event and long-term modeling of fault networks has never been studied with such an intricately detailed description of fault topography that will be considered. It has been suggested that faults with complex geometries, including bends and fault branching, affect such rupture properties as nucleation, propagation and arrest. Understanding how and why ruptures break multiple fault segments, or jump to nearby fault lines plays an important role in seismic hazard assessment. The goals of this project are: (1) to understand how the incorporation of such physical features as small-scale non-planar features and off-fault plasticity affect rupture dynamics, (2) to explore the path through which ruptures propagate in a geometrically complicated fault network, (3) to further develop computer codes to be able to solve the quasi-static problem and simulate long term dynamics, (4) to compute statistics associated with jumping and branching of faults with small scale roughness. High performance numerical coding of single event and long term earthquake dynamics on nonplanar faults will be developed and the code will be simulated on clusters of computers. The results from this work will greatly affect seismic hazard estimates of earthquake nucleation, rupture behavior, jumping and branching in real fault networks. It will determine the regions more susceptible to greater earthquake damage. Furthermore, the possibility for an earthquake rupture to jump from one fault to another implies that the duration of the rupture process can be longer than expected if only one fault is involved and consequently increase the amount of damaging ground motion to structures and buildings. This project will properly quantify the statistics involved with earthquake rupture and allow for a proper assessment of the risk and damages associated with earthquake activities. The education plan includes sharing of mathematical knowledge in courses and workshops for the geophysicists involved in order to educate researchers in computational science.

布列塔尼·A·埃里克森（Brittany A.将进行地球物理学和数学领域之间的跨学科研究，以了解来自地震模拟的未知现象，这些模拟具有某些以前尚未研究的物理特征。这项工作将研究故障系统的动态模型，以探讨小规模的非平面特征如何影响单个事件破裂行为以及故障网络中的长期相互作用。从未对故障网络的单一事件和长期建模进行研究，并对故障形态进行了如此复杂的详细描述。有人提出，复杂几何形状的断层，包括弯曲和断层分支，会影响诸如成核，传播和停滞之类的破裂特性。了解如何以及为什么破裂破裂多个断层段，或跳到附近的断层线在地震危险评估中起着重要作用。该项目的目标是：（1）了解诸如小规模的非平面特征和越野可损坏之类的物理特征如何影响破裂动态，（2）探索在几何复杂的故障网络中破裂传播的路径（3），（3）进一步开发了Quasi static static statipation Dynamsics（4），以实现静态问题（4）（4）（4）（4小规模粗糙度的故障。 将开发非平面故障上的单个事件和长期地震动态的高性能数字编码，并将在计算机簇上模拟代码。这项工作的结果将极大地影响地震危险估计，地震成核，破裂行为，跳跃和分支在实际断层网络中。它将确定更容易受到更大地震损害的区域。此外，地震破裂从一个断层跳到另一个断裂的可能性意味着，如果仅涉及一个故障并增加对结构和建筑物的破坏地面运动的量，则破裂过程的持续时间可能长于预期。该项目将正确量化与地震破裂有关的统计数据，并允许对与地震活动相关的风险和损害进行适当的评估。教育计划包括为参与的地球物理学家的课程和讲习班中的数学知识共享，以教育计算科学的研究人员。