EAGER: Spatial Awareness Through Sapient Interfaces

EAGER：通过智能接口实现空间意识

• 批准号: 0948601
• 负责人: Alexander Klippel
• 金额: $ 14.97万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0948601&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Spatial; Awareness; Through; Sapient

Spatial awareness is the key to successful orientation and wayfinding. While navigation through familiar terrain allows us the luxury of reaching our destination without guidance, unfamiliar or only partially familiar environments require the use of external spatial information, which is most often presented verbally or in the form of maps. If we were to ask a knowledgeable local person for directions the information imparted to us might point out some landmarks along the way or inform us about a structuring present in the street names (e.g., that they are alphabetically ordered). People have long exploited the capability to recognize salient objects, and to use those objects to understand a space and guide their actions. But mobile GPS-based navigation systems typically overlook our abilities in spatial knowledge construction and application. The growing popularity of such devices has resulted in an increasing dependence on individual location-action pairs (e.g., turn left here) to guide us step by step; this has the drawback of not affording an overall understanding of the spatial environment, which in emergency situations, for example, may prove harmful. With spatial information now available in a much wider array of formats, with better currency and increased fidelity, it is time to rethink how to provide spatial information for orientation and wayfinding from the perspective of creating spatial awareness, via what the PI refers to as sapient interfaces. In this project the PI will explore first steps toward this goal, by drawing on theories from different fields that contribute to our understanding of the cognition of spaces. The central research question to be addressed is: How can spatial awareness be supported by a mapping system that focuses on the cognitively ergonomic organization and presentation of spatial information? The PI will seek a systematic understanding of the factors contributing to the development of spatial awareness (e.g., object saliency), and to identify principles and derive design guidelines for mobile navigation mapping systems that focus on the cognitively ergonomic organization and presentation of spatial information. A critical part of the research will be the cross-validation of formal approaches to spatial analysis; project outcomes will include a theoretical foundation of spatial awareness that is grounded in formal spatial analysis measures.Broader Impacts: The growing dependence on GPS-based navigation systems has negative impacts on our ability to think spatially, because current devices provide information in a manner that fails to build an understanding of spatial relations. This project will rethink the way in which spatial information is provided by such systems, so as to foster rather than impede spatial thinking and to thereby avoid spatial illiteracy in coming generations.

空间意识是成功定位和寻路的关键。虽然在熟悉的地形上导航可以让我们在没有向导的情况下到达目的地，但不熟悉或只有部分熟悉的环境需要使用外部空间信息，这些信息通常以口头或地图的形式呈现。如果我们向一个知识渊博的当地人问路，他给我们的信息可能会指出沿途的一些地标，或者告诉我们街道名称的结构（例如，它们是按字母顺序排列的）。长期以来，人们一直在开发识别突出物体的能力，并利用这些物体来理解空间并指导他们的行动。但是基于gps的移动导航系统往往忽视了我们在空间知识构建和应用方面的能力。这类设备的日益普及导致我们越来越依赖于单个位置-动作对（例如，在这里向左拐）来一步步地引导我们；这样做的缺点是不能全面了解空间环境，例如在紧急情况下，这可能是有害的。随着空间信息以更广泛的格式、更好的流通和更高的保真度提供，现在是时候重新思考如何从创造空间意识的角度，通过PI所说的智能接口，为方向和寻路提供空间信息。在这个项目中，PI将通过借鉴不同领域的理论来探索实现这一目标的第一步，这些理论有助于我们对空间认知的理解。要解决的中心研究问题是：空间意识如何由一个关注认知人体工程学组织和空间信息呈现的地图系统来支持？PI将寻求对有助于空间意识发展的因素（例如，物体显著性）的系统理解，并确定原则和推导移动导航地图系统的设计指南，该系统侧重于认知人体工程学组织和空间信息的呈现。研究的一个关键部分将是空间分析的正式方法的交叉验证；项目成果将包括以正式空间分析措施为基础的空间意识理论基础。更广泛的影响：对基于gps的导航系统的日益依赖对我们的空间思维能力产生了负面影响，因为目前的设备提供信息的方式无法建立对空间关系的理解。这个项目将重新考虑这些系统提供空间信息的方式，以便促进而不是阻碍空间思维，从而避免后代的空间文盲。