CAREER: Advancing Accessible Computing with Tools for Ability-Based Design

职业：利用基于能力的设计工具推进无障碍计算

• 批准号: 0952786
• 负责人: Jacob Wobbrock
• 金额: $ 50.94万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0952786&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Advancing; Accessible; Computing; Tools

Today's commodity software is ignorant of users' motor abilities. This places the burden of adaptation on people rather than on technology, and forces users either to struggle with off-the-shelf input devices or to procure specialized assistive devices that are expensive, hard to acquire, and infused with social stigmas. Recent approaches like universal design, inclusive design, and design for all acknowledge this problem, but promote an unachievable "one size fits all" ideal. Universal solutions are not the answer! Rather, the answer is the opposite, that is to say highly individualized user interfaces aware of and adapted to users' motor abilities. Such interfaces can enable people to use cheap readily-available everyday input devices like mice, touch pads, and trackballs when controlling desktop software. Creating software that matches users' abilities is the focus of the PI's concept of ability-based design, and this research extends the PI's prior work on ability-based design with new software tools for advancing this nascent methodology. These tools will focus on measuring and modeling target acquisition and text entry, two fundamentals of computer input that demand fine motor control, making them key challenges for people with motor impairments. The work will consist of multiple stages. The PI will investigate standard and custom psychomotor movement models for people with motor impairments. He will create and validate a Mouse Perturber tool that injects kinetic noise into an unimpaired movement stream to create simulated motor-impaired performance, making early-stage testing of ability-based prototypes easier. And he will create an Input Observer tool that can rigorously quantify users' performance "in the wild," which requires the inferring of intention outside directed laboratory tasks. He will then develop CAMA, a tool for motor-ability assessment that uses off-the-shelf input devices, and TASK, a tool for quickly creating task models from real user interfaces. Finally, he will integrate CAMA and TASK into a package for assistive technology providers to perform assessment, prediction, and the creation of accessible "proxy targets." Project outcomes will include a scientific investigation of standard and custom psychomotor movement models for people with motor disabilities, discovery of how to rigorously measure target acquisition and text entry behavior outside the lab, the invention and validation of a simulation tool for motor-impaired performance, and the creation, validation, and deployment of a low-cost computer-based motor-ability assessment tool for use in a University of Washington assistive technology clinic.Broader Impacts: This research will enable people with certain types of disabilities to enjoy more usable software matched to their abilities. It will also lead to a new design methodology predicated on a shift in focus from disability to ability, along with four downloadable software tools for improving laboratory, field, and clinical human motor performance evaluations. As an integral part of this research, the PI plans to organize an undergraduate summer workshop that brings informatics and computer science students together with computer users with disabilities to collectively brainstorm new access solutions. He will also develop an educational unit for middle and high school science classes that enables young students to experience simulated disabilities and learn about the roles of scientists and engineers in creating a barrier-free society.

当今的商品软件对用户的电机能力一无所知。 这会给人提供适应的负担，而不是对技术的负担，并迫使用户要么与现成的输入设备斗争，要么又要购买昂贵，难以获取并且注入社交污名的专业辅助设备。 诸如通用设计，包容性设计和所有人的设计之类的最新方法都承认了这个问题，但促进了一个不可思议的“一件尺寸适合所有人”的理想。 通用解决方案不是答案！ 相反，答案是相反的，也就是说，高度个性化的用户界面意识到并适合用户的运动能力。 这样的接口可以使人们在控制桌面软件时使用廉价的日常输入设备，例如小鼠，触摸垫和轨迹球。 创建与用户能力匹配的软件是PI基于能力设计的概念的重点，这项研究将PI先前的基于能力设计的工作扩展了使用新的软件工具，用于推进这种新生的方法。 这些工具将着重于衡量和建模目标获取和文本输入，这是两个需要精细电机控制的计算机输入的基础知识，这是对有运动障碍者的关键挑战。 这项工作将包括多个阶段。 PI将针对有运动障碍的人调查标准和自定义心理运动运动模型。 他将创建并验证鼠标Perturber工具，该工具将动力学噪声注入未损坏的运动流中，以创建模拟的运动障碍性能，从而使基于能力的原型的早期测试更加容易。 他将创建一个输入观察者工具，该工具可以严格量化用户的性能“野外”，这需要推断意图外部有向实验室任务。 然后，他将开发CAMA，这是一种使用现成的输入设备的电动机评估工具，以及任务，该工具是快速从真实用户界面创建任务模型的工具。 最后，他将将CAMA和任务整合到一个包装中，以供辅助技术提供商执行评估，预测和创建可访问的“代理目标”。 项目成果将包括对运动残障人士的标准和自定义心理运动模型的科学研究，发现如何严格衡量实验室外部的目标获取和文本行为的严格衡量，对汽车功能不全的绩效的发明和验证，用于运动功能不全的工具，以及用于基于计算机的辅助技术的辅助工具，以验证效果：使患有某些类型残疾人的人能够享受与其能力相匹配的更可用的软件。 这还将导致一种新的设计方法，基于从残疾转变为能力的重点转变，以及四种可下载的软件工具，用于改善实验室，现场和临床人类运动性能评估。 作为这项研究不可或缺的一部分，PI计划组织一个本科夏季研讨会，该研讨会将信息学和计算机科学专业的学生与残疾计算机使用者一起，共同集体集思广益。 他还将为中学和高中科学课程开发一个教育部门，使年轻学生能够体验模拟的残疾，并了解科学家和工程师在创建无障碍社会中的作用。