CAREER: Advancing Accessible Computing with Tools for Ability-Based Design

职业：利用基于能力的设计工具推进无障碍计算

• 批准号: 0952786
• 负责人: Jacob Wobbrock
• 金额: $ 50.94万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0952786&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Advancing; Accessible; Computing; Tools

Today's commodity software is ignorant of users' motor abilities. This places the burden of adaptation on people rather than on technology, and forces users either to struggle with off-the-shelf input devices or to procure specialized assistive devices that are expensive, hard to acquire, and infused with social stigmas. Recent approaches like universal design, inclusive design, and design for all acknowledge this problem, but promote an unachievable "one size fits all" ideal. Universal solutions are not the answer! Rather, the answer is the opposite, that is to say highly individualized user interfaces aware of and adapted to users' motor abilities. Such interfaces can enable people to use cheap readily-available everyday input devices like mice, touch pads, and trackballs when controlling desktop software. Creating software that matches users' abilities is the focus of the PI's concept of ability-based design, and this research extends the PI's prior work on ability-based design with new software tools for advancing this nascent methodology. These tools will focus on measuring and modeling target acquisition and text entry, two fundamentals of computer input that demand fine motor control, making them key challenges for people with motor impairments. The work will consist of multiple stages. The PI will investigate standard and custom psychomotor movement models for people with motor impairments. He will create and validate a Mouse Perturber tool that injects kinetic noise into an unimpaired movement stream to create simulated motor-impaired performance, making early-stage testing of ability-based prototypes easier. And he will create an Input Observer tool that can rigorously quantify users' performance "in the wild," which requires the inferring of intention outside directed laboratory tasks. He will then develop CAMA, a tool for motor-ability assessment that uses off-the-shelf input devices, and TASK, a tool for quickly creating task models from real user interfaces. Finally, he will integrate CAMA and TASK into a package for assistive technology providers to perform assessment, prediction, and the creation of accessible "proxy targets." Project outcomes will include a scientific investigation of standard and custom psychomotor movement models for people with motor disabilities, discovery of how to rigorously measure target acquisition and text entry behavior outside the lab, the invention and validation of a simulation tool for motor-impaired performance, and the creation, validation, and deployment of a low-cost computer-based motor-ability assessment tool for use in a University of Washington assistive technology clinic.Broader Impacts: This research will enable people with certain types of disabilities to enjoy more usable software matched to their abilities. It will also lead to a new design methodology predicated on a shift in focus from disability to ability, along with four downloadable software tools for improving laboratory, field, and clinical human motor performance evaluations. As an integral part of this research, the PI plans to organize an undergraduate summer workshop that brings informatics and computer science students together with computer users with disabilities to collectively brainstorm new access solutions. He will also develop an educational unit for middle and high school science classes that enables young students to experience simulated disabilities and learn about the roles of scientists and engineers in creating a barrier-free society.

今天的商品软件对用户的运动能力一无所知。 这将适应的负担放在了人而不是技术上，迫使用户要么与现成的输入设备作斗争，要么购买昂贵、难以获得并充满社会耻辱的专门辅助设备。 最近的方法，如通用设计，包容性设计和设计的所有承认这个问题，但促进一个无法实现的“一刀切”的理想。 通用解决方案不是答案！ 相反，答案是相反的，也就是说，高度个性化的用户界面意识到并适应用户的运动能力。 这样的界面可以使人们在控制桌面软件时使用廉价的日常输入设备，如鼠标，触摸板和轨迹球。 创建软件，用户的能力相匹配的PI的基于能力的设计的概念的重点，这项研究扩展了PI的基于能力的设计与新的软件工具，推进这一新生的方法的先前工作。 这些工具将专注于测量和建模目标获取和文本输入，这是计算机输入的两个基础，需要精细的运动控制，使其成为运动障碍患者的关键挑战。 这项工作将包括多个阶段。 PI将研究运动障碍患者的标准和定制心理运动模型。 他将创建并验证一个鼠标干扰器工具，该工具将动力学噪声注入未受损的运动流中，以创建模拟运动受损的性能，从而使基于能力的原型的早期测试更加容易。 他将创建一个输入观察器工具，可以严格量化用户的表现“在野外”，这需要推断的意图以外的定向实验室任务。 然后，他将开发CAMA，一种使用现成输入设备的运动能力评估工具，以及一种从真实的用户界面快速创建任务模型的工具。 最后，他将把CAMA和TASK整合到一个软件包中，以供辅助技术提供者进行评估、预测和创建可访问的“代理目标”。“项目成果将包括对运动障碍者的标准和定制心理运动模型进行科学调查，发现如何在实验室外严格测量目标获取和文本输入行为，发明和验证运动障碍表现的模拟工具，以及创建，验证，并在华盛顿大学的辅助技术诊所部署了一种低成本的基于计算机的运动能力评估工具。这项研究将使某些类型的残疾人能够享受更多与他们的能力相匹配的可用软件。 它还将导致一种新的设计方法，该方法基于从残疾到能力的重点转移，沿着四种可下载的软件工具，用于改善实验室，现场和临床人体运动性能评估。 作为这项研究的一个组成部分，PI计划组织一个本科生暑期研讨会，使信息学和计算机科学的学生与残疾计算机用户一起集体头脑风暴新的访问解决方案。 他还将为初中和高中科学课开发一个教育单元，使年轻学生能够体验模拟残疾，并了解科学家和工程师在创造无障碍社会中的作用。