HCC: Small: Understanding, Sensing, and Accommodating Situational Impairments in Mobile Computing

HCC：小型：理解、感知和适应移动计算中的情境障碍

• 批准号: 1217627
• 负责人: Jacob Wobbrock
• 金额: $ 49.97万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1217627&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HCC; Small; Understanding; Sensing; Accommodating

A "computer user" can no longer be thought of only as a person sitting at a desk in a consistent and comfortable working environment. Today's typical computer user is now holding a mobile device smaller than his or her hand, is outdoors, under the sun or in the rain, and perhaps even in motion, such as walking or riding. However, mobile devices have no deep awareness of the environments in which they are being used, or how those environments will affect their users' abilities to act. Addressing this challenge is the central idea of this project. The approach is to better understand, through scientific means, and better accommodate, through clever sensing and design, the "situational impairments" that affect the new-typical computer user for our age, the mobile user. Although situational impairments have been noted in the past, few research efforts have looked at how to sense impairing effects and what to do about them. Innovations in sensors, inference, and user interfaces have the potential to improve mobile interaction in the presence of situational impairments, showing that accessibility is "for everyone." The intellectual merits of this work include: (a) scientific studies of some situationally-impairing factors on human performance; (b) the invention and evaluation of ten projects designed to address and reduce the negative effects of certain situational impairments; (c) the development of clever reusable sensing techniques to enable the creation of those projects and advance the capabilities of mobile devices; and (d) the study of the "crossover potential" of projects to people with physical or health-induced impairments and disabilities. The broader impacts of this work include: (a) pushing the capabilities of mobile devices and sensing technologies to become more useful and usable, especially in varied contexts, which may have relevance to mobile field workers; (b) concretely demonstrating that accessibility research benefits everyone, and that all people incur impairments of one form or another in their lives; (c) contributing to public health and safety by reducing the dangers situational impairments cause, particularly to and from people driving automobiles, and (d) creating a graduate course, an undergraduate workshop, and a grades 6-12 science unit on ability-based design for mobile computing.

不能再将“计算机用户”视为在稳定且舒适的工作环境中坐在桌子上的人。今天的典型计算机用户现在拿着比他或她的手小的移动设备，在户外，在阳光下或雨中，甚至在运动中，例如步行或骑行。但是，移动设备对使用它们的环境或这些环境将如何影响其用户的行动能力有深刻的认识。解决这个挑战是该项目的核心思想。这种方法是通过科学手段更好地理解，并通过巧妙的感应和设计更好地适应影响我们年龄的新典型计算机用户的“情境障碍”，即移动用户。尽管过去已经注意到情境障碍，但很少有研究工作研究如何感知损害效果以及如何处理它们。传感器，推理和用户界面的创新有可能在存在情境障碍的情况下改善移动互动，这表明可访问性是“对每个人的”。 这项工作的智力优点包括：（a）对人类绩效的某些情况影响的科学研究； （b）对十个旨在解决和减少某些情况障碍的负面影响的十个项目的发明和评估； （c）开发巧妙的可重复使用的传感技术，以实现这些项目的创建并提高移动设备的功能； （d）研究项目对身体或健康诱导的残疾人的“交叉潜力”的研究。 这项工作的更广泛影响包括：（a）推动移动设备和传感技术的功能变得更有用和可用，尤其是在各种环境中，这可能与移动现场工作人员有关； （b）具体证明可访问性研究使每个人都受益，并且所有人都会在生活中遭受一种或另一种形式的损害； （c）通过减少驾驶汽车的人，尤其是对驾驶汽车的人的危险，以及（d）创建研究生课程，本科研讨会以及基于移动计算能力的能力设计的6 - 至2年级科学单位，从而为公共卫生和安全做出贡献。