GOALI/Collaborative Research: Ferromagnetic Nanowires for Bio-inspired Microfluidic NanoElectroMechanical Systems (NEMS)

这个学术联络与工业（GOALI）合作研究项目的目标是使用磁性纳米线来模拟自然界中无处不在的纤毛，以生产边界层流动和微流体通道中磁驱动混合器的变型原位NEMS传感器。在自然界中，纤毛结构的几何形状存在着巨大的可变性，鱼类、昆虫和哺乳动物的毛发状机械感受器就说明了这一点。在文献中发现的工程纤毛呈现圆柱形，弯曲和/或矩形几何形状。新的制造方法不仅将提高对这些二维分支能力的控制，而且将扩展到三维的能力，允许人们在各种铁磁材料中构建三维分支几何形状。流体结构相互作用模型将用于预测最佳材料和几何形状，这将使原型毛细胞流量传感器和致动器得以制造。迄今为止，纳米线的几何形状仅限于平面结构，在我们的情况下，纤毛垂直于平面衬底。在生物纤毛中发现的各种形状表明，用于流量传感器和执行器的纳米线几何形状的优化将需要能够制造与目标流动状态相匹配的复杂结构。因此，新的模板将用于二维和三维纤毛几何形状。对于微流体应用，定制纳米线几何形状需要了解低雷诺数层流，即平均流动的Navier-Stokes流动公式和边界层的Prandtl/Blasius溶液公式相当合理的情况，以及流固相互作用的计算模型与测量流动的比较。二维结构的计算建模将扩展到本研究中生长的三维结构。这些纤毛传感器和致动器的影响将远远超出所提出的微流体应用。许多微型和纳米机器人将受益于这些纳米传感器和阵列。此外，通过人工传感可以更好地了解生物物种本身，因为可以评估它们对整个系统的影响，而不会像生物学研究中经常发生的那样对其他功能产生不利影响。pi将组织一个男女混合和女孩只参加的夏令营，每个学校的学生将接触到这个跨大学、跨学科、工业应用的项目。

The objective of this Grant Opportunity for Academic Liaison with Indusrry (GOALI) Collaborative Research project is to to use magnetic nanowires to mimic the cilia found ubiquitously in nature in order to produce transformative in situ NEMS sensors of boundary layer flows and magnetically actuated mixers in microfluidic channels. In nature, tremendous variability is found in the geometries of cilia structures, as illustrated by the hair-like mechanoreceptor examples from fish, insects and mammals. Engineered cilia found in the literature exhibit cylindrical, curved and/or rectangular geometries. New fabrication methods that will not only improve control of these 2-D branching capabilities but will extend the ability to 3-D, allowing one to build in 3-D branching geometries in a wide variety of ferromagnetic materials. Fluid-structure interaction modeling will be used to predict optimal materials and geometries which will enable prototype hair-cell flow sensors and actuators to be fabricated. Nanowires geometries to date have been limited to planar structures and in our case cilia vertical to a planar substrate. The variety of shapes found in biological cilia suggests that optimization of nanowire geometries for use in flow sensors and actuators will require the ability to fabricate complex structures that are matched to targeted flow regimes. Therefore, novel templates will be used for 2D and 3D cilia geometries. For the microfluidic applications, tailoring of nanowire geometries requires understanding of low Reynolds number, laminar flows, i.e. regimes for which Navier-Stokes flow formulations for mean flows and Prandtl/Blasius solution formulations for the boundary layer are quite reasonable, and for which computational models of fluid-structure interaction compare well with measured flows. Computational modeling of 2D structures will be extended to the 3D structures grown in this investigation. These cilia sensors and actuators will have impact well beyond the microfluidic applications that were proposed. Many micro- and nano-robotics would benefit from these nanosensors and arrays. Also, biological species themselves will be better understood with artificial sensing as their impact on the whole system can be evaluated without adverse affects to other functions as often occurs in biological studies. The PIs will organize a co-ed and girls-only summer camp in circuits and students from each school will be exposed to this interuniversity, interdisciplinary, industrially applied program.