Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Localized Geographies of Kenyan Election Violence
博士论文研究:肯尼亚选举暴力的局部地区
基本信息
- 批准号:1003838
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 1.2万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2010
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2010-06-15 至 2013-11-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Political violence in many areas of the developing world represents a barrier against institutionalizing individual and group rights. Understood broadly, such rights include not only safety, but also freedom from encountering artificial obstructions to improving socio-economic status. Intercommunity trust is viewed as crucial for maintaining peaceful relationships between groups, and institutional trust is believed to foster engagement in civil society and the formal political sphere. Using Kenya as a case study, this project investigates 1) the spatial dimensions of political violence and 2) the aftermath of conflict on institutional and intercommunity trust. A recent turn in the field of conflict studies emphasizes local-level dynamics of group clashes that occur within broader episodes of violence, ranging from outright civil war to persistent skirmishes between groups contending for political representation or natural resources. Considering this paradigm shift toward fine resolution analysis, this research employs a mixed-methods disaggregated approach to understanding conflict and its impacts on Kenya's social fabric. First, spatial-statistical methods are used to identify patterns of conflict within Kenya surrounding the country's most recent election violence. Beyond anecdotal accounts of certain areas experiencing high rates of violence, the goal of these analyses is to identify any unexpected trends. Furthermore, the project will assess what party interactions and faction activities may have contributed to these uneven patterns within the country. To illustrate the impacts of violent conflict on Kenya's social fabric, this study includes survey research that is designed to elicit respondents perceptions of institutional and inter-group trust. Faith in national and local institutions is crucial for successful governance. Yet, this form of trust can be limited by the uneven provision of public goods, including security, as a result of preferential treatment granted to certain population by individuals in leadership roles. In a context where many researchers emphasize powerful exclusive social ties, this project is designed to examine the degree to which ethnic communities trust one another. It is expected that these relationships have been influenced by communal conflict, but, more importantly, research in the behavioral sciences has shown that social distance between populations can elevate the risk of future conflict within a society. Previous research has shown that all too often elections in African states are marred by political violence. Conflict can occur in the form of pre-election intimidation campaigns to stifle voter turnout, or as post-election retribution carried out by a group who feel victimized by accusations of ballot manipulation. This research contributes to scholarship on a pervasive social concern by applying a new and diverse suite of spatial methods to the Kenyan political landscape. Results of the project will provide insight into the dynamics of violence in Kenya at local scales and will also be able to characterize Kenya's social fabric as the 2012 election approaches.
发展中世界许多地区的政治暴力是阻碍个人和群体权利制度化的障碍。广义地理解,这种权利不仅包括安全,而且还包括不受人为障碍影响改善社会经济地位的自由。社区间信任被视为维持群体间和平关系的关键,机构信任被认为有助于促进民间社会和正式政治领域的参与。该项目以肯尼亚为例,调查了1)政治暴力的空间层面和2)冲突对机构和社区间信任的影响。冲突研究领域最近的一个转折强调了在更广泛的暴力事件中发生的团体冲突的地方一级的动态,从直接的内战到争夺政治代表或自然资源的团体之间持续不断的小规模冲突。考虑到这种向精细解决分析的范式转变,本研究采用混合方法分类方法来理解冲突及其对肯尼亚社会结构的影响。首先,空间统计方法被用来确定肯尼亚国内围绕该国最近的选举暴力事件的冲突模式。除了对某些地区暴力发生率高的轶事描述之外,这些分析的目标是确定任何意想不到的趋势。此外,该项目将评估政党互动和派系活动可能对国内这种不均衡的格局起到了什么作用。为了说明暴力冲突对肯尼亚社会结构的影响,这项研究包括旨在引起受访者对机构和群体间信任的看法的调查研究。对国家和地方机构的信任是成功治理的关键。然而,由于担任领导职务的个人给予某些人优惠待遇,包括安全在内的公共产品的提供不均衡,这种信任形式可能受到限制。在许多研究人员强调强大的排他性社会关系的背景下,这个项目旨在检查种族社区相互信任的程度。预计这些关系会受到社区冲突的影响,但更重要的是,行为科学的研究表明,人群之间的社会距离可能会增加未来社会内部冲突的风险。此前的研究表明,非洲国家的选举经常受到政治暴力的影响。冲突可能以选举前恐吓活动的形式出现,以扼杀选民投票率,也可能是选举后因被指控操纵选票而感到受害的群体进行的报复。这项研究通过将一套新的、多样化的空间方法应用于肯尼亚的政治景观,为研究普遍存在的社会关切做出了贡献。该项目的结果将使人们深入了解肯尼亚地方一级的暴力动态,并将能够在2012年选举临近时描述肯尼亚的社会结构。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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John O'Loughlin其他文献
621: Serum adiponectin in early pregnancy as a biomarker for gestational diabetes; defining thresholds to identify a particularly high risk sub-group
- DOI:
10.1016/j.ajog.2016.11.355 - 发表时间:
2017-01-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Siobhan Corcoran;Natalie Achamallah;John O'Loughlin;Phillip Stafford;Steve Meaney;Grainne Kelleher;Elizabeth Tully;Pat Dicker;Fergal D. Malone;Fionnuala Breathnach - 通讯作者:
Fionnuala Breathnach
Spatial inequalities in Western cities: A comparison of North American and German urban areas
- DOI:
10.1007/bf00344090 - 发表时间:
1983-08-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.800
- 作者:
John O'Loughlin - 通讯作者:
John O'Loughlin
Establishing miscanthus x <em>giganteus</em> crops in Ireland through nodal propagation by harvesting stems in autumn and sowing them immediately into a field
- DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.08.010 - 发表时间:
2017-12-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
John O'Loughlin;Kevin McDonnell;John Finnan - 通讯作者:
John Finnan
Quantifying the economic and greenhouse gas balance advantages of establishing miscanthus from stem cuttings
- DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.12.010 - 发表时间:
2018-02-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
John O'Loughlin;Kevin McDonnell;John Finnan - 通讯作者:
John Finnan
Democratic Values in a Globalizing World: A Multilevel Analysis of Geographic Contexts
- DOI:
10.1023/b:gejo.0000033581.20307.bc - 发表时间:
2004-01-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:1.900
- 作者:
John O'Loughlin - 通讯作者:
John O'Loughlin
John O'Loughlin的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('John O'Loughlin', 18)}}的其他基金
SBE-RCUK: The Geopolitical Orientations of People in Borderland States
SBE-RCUK:边境国家人民的地缘政治取向
- 批准号:
1759645 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 1.2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
DDRI:State and Society Interactions: Negotiating Governance, Migration, and Citizenship
DDRI:国家与社会的互动:治理、移民和公民身份谈判
- 批准号:
1633894 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 1.2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Geopolitical Shifts in the Geographies of Extractive Economies
博士论文研究:采掘经济地理的地缘政治变化
- 批准号:
1536313 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 1.2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
RAPID: Attitudes and beliefs in Russian-supported 'de facto' states and Eastern Ukraine in the wake of the Crimean annexation
快速:克里米亚吞并后俄罗斯支持的“事实上的”国家和乌克兰东部的态度和信仰
- 批准号:
1442646 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 1.2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
IBSS: Analyses of Relationships Between Changing Environmental Conditions and Societal Conflict
IBSS:环境条件变化与社会冲突之间关系的分析
- 批准号:
1329125 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 1.2万 - 项目类别:
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Doctoral Dissertation Research: From Almaty to Astana: Authoritarianism, Nationalism, and Kazakhstan's Capital Change
博士论文研究:从阿拉木图到阿斯塔纳:威权主义、民族主义与哈萨克斯坦首都变更
- 批准号:
1003836 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 1.2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: ESE:Climate Change/Variability and Armed Conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa.
合作研究:ESE:撒哈拉以南非洲的气候变化/变异性和武装冲突。
- 批准号:
0964687 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 1.2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Geography and Identity Among Russia's Buddhist Populations
博士论文研究:俄罗斯佛教人口的地理和身份
- 批准号:
0928871 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 1.2万 - 项目类别:
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Doctoral Dissertation Research: Territory and Identity in the Borderlands: The Moldovan Case
博士论文研究:边疆地区的领土和身份:摩尔多瓦案例
- 批准号:
0903091 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 1.2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
AOC: The Dynamics of Secessionist Regions: Eurasian Unrecognized Quasi-States after Kosovo's Independence
AOC:分离主义地区的动态:科索沃独立后欧亚大陆未被承认的准国家
- 批准号:
0827016 - 财政年份:2008
- 资助金额:
$ 1.2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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