Dynamics and Ground States in Quantum Statistical Mechanics

量子统计力学中的动力学和基态

• 批准号: 1009502
• 负责人: Bruno Nachtergaele
• 金额: $ 36.5万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1009502&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dynamics; Ground; States; Quantum; Statistical

This award supports mathematical research on problems in equilibrium and non-equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics with the primary focus on the dynamics of quantum lattice models, which include quantum spin systems and quantum oscillator lattice systems. In condensed matter physics these types of models are commonly used to describe three types of degrees of freedom (separately or in combination): atomic oscillations in a crystal lattice, spin magnetic moments, and itinerant electrons. The same type of system, defined on a graph, is currently studied extensively in the theory of quantum information and computation. In that context, the degrees of freedom are qubits (or, more generally, qudits), which are the basic entities carrying quantum information, on which quantum algorithms are implemented as a sequence of unitary transformations. The project focuses on studying the dynamics (Hamiltonian or irreversible) of these systems and will lead to fundamental results such as propagation estimates of Lieb-Robinson type for new classes of systems. In the course of this project the investigator and his graduate students will also analyze the low-lying spectrum of quantum lattice models and investigate important properties such as the behavior of the spectral gap above the ground state and the ordering of the low-lying excitations in Heisenberg-type models. The mathematical results will furthermore be applied to the analysis of transfer-matrix-like objects that appear in other contexts, such as techniques of network analysis currently employed in biological applications.This is fundamental research on a range of mathematical models for the dynamics of systems that involve a large number of interacting components. In this project, the main focus is on systems in which these components are microscopic and described by quantum mechanics. The investigator will work with graduate students, who in the process of their research will acquire a working knowledge of the state of the art in analytic and algebraic methods for quantum lattice systems. As fundamental research and technology advances, the results and techniques developed in this project are expected to have an impact in technological applications such as quantum information processing, quantum cryptography, quantum computing, and the modeling of electronic or spintronic devices that exploit the quantum properties of novel materials. Some of the mathematical techniques developed for this project will also be useful in the analysis of structured networks such as arise, for example, in systems biology.

该奖项支持对平衡和非平衡量子统计力学问题的数学研究，主要关注量子晶格模型的动力学，其中包括量子自旋系统和量子振子晶格系统。在凝聚态物理中，这些类型的模型通常用于描述三种类型的自由度(分别或组合)：晶格中的原子振荡、自旋磁矩和巡回电子。同样类型的系统定义在图上，目前在量子信息和计算理论中得到了广泛的研究。在这种情况下，自由度是量子比特(或者更笼统地说，量子比特)，它们是携带量子信息的基本实体，量子算法在量子比特上作为一系列么正变换来实现。该项目专注于研究这些系统的动力学(哈密顿或不可逆)，并将导致基本的结果，如新系统类的Lieb-Robinson类型的传播估计。在这个项目的过程中，研究人员和他的研究生还将分析量子晶格模型的低激发态谱，并研究重要的性质，如基态以上的光谱带隙行为和海森堡型模型中低激发态的有序性。数学结果将进一步应用于其他环境中出现的传递矩阵样对象的分析，例如目前在生物应用中使用的网络分析技术。这是对涉及大量相互作用的组件的系统动力学的一系列数学模型的基础研究。在这个项目中，主要关注的是这些组件是微观的并由量子力学描述的系统。研究人员将与研究生合作，在他们的研究过程中，他们将获得量子晶格系统分析和代数方法的最新实用知识。随着基础研究和技术的进步，该项目开发的成果和技术有望对诸如量子信息处理、量子密码学、量子计算以及利用新材料的量子特性的电子或自旋电子器件的建模等技术应用产生影响。为这个项目开发的一些数学技术也将在结构化网络的分析中有用，例如在系统生物学中。